云南省雷电活动分布特征及对农村地区的影响分析

ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHTNING ACTIVITY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON RURAL AREAS IN YUNNAN

关键词:  雷电活动雷电灾害易发区划农村防御措施

Key words:  lightning activity  lightning disaster  lightning prone zoning  rural area  defense measures

摘要:

［目的］探讨雷电致灾因子对农村地区的影响，提出相应的防御措施，以期为加强农村地区雷电风险管理和应急处置提供技术依据。［方法］结合2013—2017年云南省近5年ADTD闪电定位监测数据和雷电灾害统计资料，分析云南省地闪活动时空分布特征，确定各地区雷电易发等级，运用数理统计方法研究农村雷电致灾成因和灾害分布规律。［结果］地闪活动是影响农村雷电灾害发生的主要因素，近5年农村雷电灾害占总雷灾起数的4061%，损失类型表现为雷击导致的人身伤亡损失，主要分布在农田、树下、山坡及水域附近等野外空旷区域。［结论］农村雷电灾害与地闪活动的时空分布存在较好的对应关系，还与孕灾环境、承灾体易损性紧密相关，通过完善农村地区防雷设施，加强防雷减灾科普宣传教育，实施农村防雷减灾示范工程等能够有效防御和减少农村雷灾损失。

Abstract:

To explore the impact of lightning disaster factors on rural areas and put forward corresponding defensive measures, so as to provide technical basis for strengthening lightning risk management and emergency response in rural areas. Based on the data of the recent 5 years (2013—2017) in Yunnan province ADTD lightning location and lightning disaster monitoring reference, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of lightning activity in Yunnan Province were analyzed, and the lightning prone grades were determined. The causes of lightning disaster and the law of lightning disaster distribution in rural areas were studied by mathematical statistics. Lightning activity was the main factor affecting the occurrence of lightning disasters in rural areas. Lightning disasters in rural areas accounted for 40.61% of the total number of lightning disasters in recent 5 years. The loss types were mainly caused by lightning injury and death, which mainly distributed in open areas such as farmland, under trees, hillsides and waters. There was a good correspondence between lightning disaster and ground lightning activity in rural areas, and it was also closely related to disaster pregnant environment and vulnerability of disaster bearing body. It could effectively prevent and reduce lightning disaster in rural areas by improving lightning protection facilities, strengthening the popularization of lightning prevention and disaster reduction science and education, and implementing demonstration projects of lightning prevention and disaster reduction in rural areas.