气候智慧型农业在我国的实践探索

THE PRACTICAL EXPLORATION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE IN CHINA

关键词:  气候智慧型农业气候智慧型主要粮食作物生产项目气候适应性减排固碳粮食安全

Key words:  CSA  Climate Smart main food crops  climate adaptability  carbon reduction  food security

摘要:

［目的］掌握气候智慧型主要粮食作物项目在我国开展情况，系统梳理其作为气候智慧型农业试点在实施中存在的问题，充分借鉴国际经验提出促进气候智慧型农业在我国发展的政策建议。［方法］文章通过对安徽、河南两个项目区实地调研，与各级项目办、团队专家、农业企业及参与农户等进行深度访谈和会议研讨，获得了气候智慧型农业试点详细材料，在此基础上系统定性阐释其发展概况、存在问题，归纳意见建议。［结果］气候智慧型农业试点在两个项目区进行务实探索，取得了减排固碳、节水灌溉、新理念新技术推广、种植模式创新等方面的丰富成果，也存在操作难度大，组织协调难，农民参与积极性弱等问题。［结论］气候智慧型农业试点取得较好成绩的同时，也面临着项目管理等方面的诸多压力，需要加大乡村振兴战略下的农业合作，突出农民主体地位和完善合作机制等方面继续努力，以更好促进气候智慧型农业在我国示范推广。

Abstract:

In order to grasp the condition of Climate Smart main food crops in China, systematically find out the problems existing in the pilot project of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), and explore the policies for promoting the development ofCSA. We had done in depth investigations on two project areas in Anhui and Henan, interviewed with project officers, team experts, agricultural enterprises and participating farmers at all levels, and obtained detailed materials for pilot of CSA. Based on those survey, we had comprehensive qualitative analyzed the development of CSA and found out reasonable suggestions. The results showed that CSA had been smoothly implemented in two project areas and achieved rich consequences in emission reduction and carbon sequestration, water saving irrigation, new ideas and new technology promotion, planting mode innovation and so on. However, it was also facing difficulties such as hard to operate in some items, inefficient to organize, passionless for farmers to participate and so on. In conclusion, CSA pilot had achieved great progress in spite of facing pressures of management and so on. It is necessary to cooperate with native agricultural project under the rural revitalization strategy, highlight the peasant′s benefit and strengthen cooperation to promote the application of CSA in China.