基于自然特征的湖北省乡村聚落空间格局分析

ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS BASED ON NATURAL FEATURES IN HUBEI PROVINCE

关键词:  乡村聚落自然特征空间格局湖北资源利用率

Key words:  rural settlement  natural characteristics  spatial pattern  Hubei  resource utilization

摘要:

［目的］乡村聚落空间格局分析对合理规划农村建设用地，布局农村居住点，指导新农村建设具有重要的现实意义。［方法］文章基于湖北省自然环境特征，从市域和县域尺度，采用平均最邻近比率、平均分布密度和乡村聚落平均人数系统分析该省乡村聚落格局分布特征。［结果］（1）湖北省乡村聚落整体呈集聚分布，集中分布于中东部地区，交通便利，水域条件优越，气候温和的地区集聚，总体上呈现“东密西疏”的特征。（2）中东部地区主要分布在孝感市和黄冈市，孝感市云梦县、应城市、孝昌县，黄冈市团风县和浠水县的乡村聚落分布密度明显高于其他各县。其中云梦县最高，为0447个/km2。西部地区乡村聚落分布密度明显低于东部地区，其中老河口市分布密度最高，为021个/km2。（3）各省级直管地区乡村聚落分布密度差异较大，乡村聚落的规模各异。其中孝感市的分布密度最高为0328个/km2，其次是天门市，平均分布密度为0289个/km2，但聚落规模较小。神农架林区以发展林业为主，乡村聚落分布密度仅为0021个/km2。［结论］基于湖北省自然地理特征，中东部地区乡村聚落可大力发展现代农业，逐步向农业产业化迈进。针对乡村聚落规模比较小的地区，向中心村集聚，提高资源利用率。

Abstract:

The spatial pattern analysis of rural settlements has important practical significance for rational planning of rural construction land, layout of rural settlements and guiding the construction of new countryside. Based on the natural environment characteristics of Hubei province, the distribution patterns of rural settlement patterns in the province were analyzed systematically from the urban and county scales using the average nearest neighbor ratio, average distribution density and average number of rural settlements. The rural settlements in Hubei province are concentrated and distributed in the central and eastern regions. They are characterized by convenient transportation, superior water conditions and mild climate, and are generally characterized by "East dense west is sparse". The central and eastern regions are mainly distributed in Xiaogan city and Huanggang city, and the distribution density of rural settlements in Yunmeng county, Yingcheng city and Xiaochangcounty.Tuanfeng county and Huangshui county of Huanggan city is significantly higher than that of other counties. Among them, Yunmengcounty has the highest number of 0.447/km2. The distribution density of rural settlements in the western region is significantly lower than that in the eastern region. The distribution density of Laohekoucity is the highest, at 0.21/km2. The distribution density of rural settlements in different provincial level areas is quite different, and the scale of rural settlements varies. The distribution density of Xiaogancity is 0.328/km2, followed by Tianmencity, and the average distribution density is 0.289/km2, but the settlement size is small. Shennongjia forest area is mainly based on the development of forestry, and the distribution density of rural settlements is only 0.021/km2. Based on the natural geographical features of Hubei province, rural settlements in the central and eastern regions can promote the development of modern agriculture and gradually move toward agricultural industrialization. For areas with relatively small rural settlements, they should gather in the central village to improve resource utilization.