农户对耕地重金属污染治理的认知与满意度评价*——基于长株潭地区的调查

FARMERS′ COGNITION AND SATISFACTION EVALUATION ON TREATMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN CULTIVATED LAND*——BASED ON THE SURVEY IN CHANGZHUTAN AREA

关键词:  耕地重金属污染农户认知满意度评价湖南省

Key words:  heavy metal soil contamination  farmers  cognition  satisfaction evaluation  Hunan province

摘要:

［目的］民以食为天，食以安为先。耕地是农业发展的物质基础，是国家粮食安全和农产品质量安全的源头保障。2013年湖南“镉大米风波”敲响了我国耕地重金属污染治理的警钟。农户是耕地的直接使用者，是耕地重金属污染治理与保护的真正主体，调动农户积极性是提高重金属污染耕地修复治理的效率与效果的关键。［方法］文章基于湖南省长株潭3市5县的181户农户调查数据，构建多元有序Logistic模型，实证分析农户对耕地重金属污染的认知及其对耕地重金属污染治理的满意度评价。［结果］（1）受访农户对耕地重金属污染的认知水平较低，但对耕地重金属污染治理的满意度评价相对较高； （2）农户对耕地重金属污染的主观认知会影响其治理满意度评价，且农户对耕地重金属污染的认知越高，对治理的满意度评价越高； （3）农户的年龄和种植规模以及专业技术人员及时到位的指导也是显著影响农户满意度评价的重要因素。［结论］政府制定耕地重金属污染治理方案时应进一步鼓励农户进行土地流转扩大种植规模，加强对农户耕地重金属污染治理的技术培训和宣传，提高专业技术指导到位率。

Abstract:

As the saying goes, "Hunger breeds discontent, food an as the first". The cultivated land is the material basis of agricultural development and the source guarantee of the national food security and quality and safety of agricultural products. The 2013"cadmium rice disturbance" in Hunan had alarmed the treatment of heavy metal contamination in cultivated land in China. As the direct users of cultivated land, farmers are the real body of treatment of heavy metal contamination in cultivated land. Mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers is the key to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of treatment of heavy metal contamination in cultivated land. Based on the survey data of 181households in 5countries, 3cities of Hunan province, this paper constructed a multinomial and ordinal logistic regression model to empirically analyze farmers′ cognition and satisfaction evaluation on treatment of heavy metal contamination in cultivated land. The results showed that（1）Firstly, farmers had lower cognition of heavy metal soil contamination, but relatively had higher satisfaction on treatment of heavy metal contamination;（2）Secondly, farmers′ subjective cognition of heavy metal soil contamination had significant effect on their satisfaction evaluation, and the higher cognition of heavy metal soil contamination, the better evaluation of satisfaction on the treatment;（3）Thirdly, farmers′ age and planting scale and the timely guidance of technology professionals also were the significant factors affecting farmers′ satisfaction evaluation. In the future, the government should further encourage farmers to circulate land to expand the planting scale when formulate treatment schemes, strengthen the technical training and propaganda about treatment of heavy metal contamination in cultivated land to farmers, and improve the arrival rate of professional technical guidance.