生态政策作用下农户生计资本与生计策略的关系研究*——以内蒙古自治区杭锦旗为例

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVELIHOOD CAPITAL AND LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY OF FARMERS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL POLICY*——A CASE OF HANGJIN BANNER IN THE INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION

关键词:  生态政策生计资本生计策略生态环境杭锦旗

Key words:  ecological policy  livelihood capital  livelihood strategy  ecological environment  Hangjin banner

摘要:

［目的］探索生态政策作用下农户生计资本与生计策略的关系，对提高农户生计水平，促进区域生态环境修复具有重要意义。［方法］该研究以地处库布其沙漠腹地的杭锦旗为例，基于农户调研数据，对北部沿河区和南部梁外区农户的生计资本和生计策略进行了调查与对比分析，并建立二元Logistic回归模型，对影响两区域农户生计策略选择的关键因素进行了研究。［结果］（1）北部沿河区农户的人力资本和金融资本高于南部梁外区，而自然资本、物质资本和社会资本低于南部梁外区。北部沿河区农户选择以农为主生计策略的比例高于南部梁外区，而选择以非农为主的比例低于南部梁外区。（2）人力资本和自然资本是影响两区域农户生计策略选择的共同关键因素。其中，人力资本对两区域农户以非农为主生计策略的选择均具有显著正向影响，而自然资本均具有显著负向影响。比较而言，人力资本和自然资本对生态政策影响较小的北部沿河区农户以非农为主生计策略选择的影响均大于生态政策影响较大的南部梁外区。［结论］杭锦旗农户的生计资本和生计策略具有区域差异性，生态政策是促使农户生计状况产生区域差异的重要因素。在生态政策的作用下，农户的生计策略仍受其生计资本的影响，同时生态政策也通过影响农户可实际运作的生计资本而影响着农户的生计策略。在以上研究的基础上，提出了改善农户生计状况和促进区域生态环境修复的政策建议。

Abstract:

Exploring the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategy of farmers under the role of ecological policy is of great significance to improve the livelihood level of farmers and promote the rehabilitation of regional ecological environment. This study took Hangjinqi, located in the hinterland of Kubuqi Desert, as an example. Based on the survey data of farmers, this study investigated and compared the livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of farmers in the northern riverside region and the south region of the beam, and binary logistic model was adopted to analyze the key factors affecting the livelihood strategy choice of farmers. The results showed that (1) Human capital and financial capital to the north riverside region is higher than the south region of the beam, and natural capital, physical capital and social capital was less than the southern region of the beam. The farmers which chose agriculture based livelihood strategies in the north riverside region was higher than the southern region of the beam, and the choice of the non agriculture ratio was lower than the southern region of the beam. (2) Human and natural capital were the common key factors affecting the livelihood strategy choice of farmers in two regions. Among them, human capital had a positive effect on the choice of the farmers′ livelihood strategy, while the natural capital had a negative effect. By comparison, the effect of human and natural capital on the farmers′ choice of non farm livelihood strategy in the north riverside region is greater than that of the southern region of the beam which is more affected by ecological policies. It concluded that there are differences in the livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of farmers in different regions, ecological policy was an important factor contributing to the regional differences in the livelihood of farmers. Under the influence of ecological policy, the livelihoods strategy of farmers was still influenced by their livelihood capital. Meanwhile, ecological policies also influenced farmers′ livelihoods strategy by influencing the livelihood capital that farmers can actually operate. Finally, we put forward suggestions to improve the living conditions of farmers and promote the restoration of the ecological environment in Hangjin banner.