中国传统农业规划实践与启示

THE PRACTICE AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL PLANNING IN CHINA

关键词:  传统农业规划土地利用与产业布局农业生态环境村镇规划水利工程启示

Key words:  traditional agricultural planning  land use and agricultural distribution  agricultural ecological environment  town planning  water conservancy project  enlightenment

摘要:

［目的］从土地利用规划、村镇规划、水利工程规划、生态环境规划等四个方面论述传统农业规划的主要做法和经验，并总结对现阶段我国农业和农村建设的启示。［方法］采用文献调研与对比研究相结合的方法，通过文献调研总结古代农业规划经验，利用对比研究提出对我国现代农业发展的启示。［结果］传统农业强调因地制宜，根据土壤质量、气候条件等优化农产品布局，充分考虑环境容量、便利性、环境改善等进行城镇规划，注重风水理论在村镇规划中应用，按照尊重自然、顺应自然、融入自然、灌排调相结合建设了一批重大水利工程。［结论］传统农业规划思想对于土地利用及产业布局优化、农业生态环境的保护与制度建设、新农村建设等具有重要的借鉴意义。

Abstract:

Based on the perspective of land use planning, town planning, water conservancy project planning, ecological planning and so on, this paper discussed the main practices and experiences of ancient agricultural planning, and summarized the enlightenment to current agriculture and rural construction in China. Literature research method was adopted to summarize the experience of ancient agricultural planning. Comparative research was used to propose inspiration for the development of modern agriculture in China. The results showed that the ancient agriculture emphasized the principle of adapting to local conditions, and conditions such as soil quality and climate were taken into account during the optimization of agricultural products distribution. The environmental capacity, convenience, environmental improvements were taken full consideration when implementing town planning. Geomantic Omen Theory (Feng Shui) played an important role in the village and town planning, and a batch of major water conservancy project were constructed in accordance with respecting the laws of nature, complying with nature, blending in with nature, combination of irrigation and drainage and modulation. These planning ideas have an important significance not only for land use, industry layout optimization, agricultural ecological environment protection and the system construction, but also for the new rural construction.