传统要素、创新要素与农业科技园区经济增长*——基于106个园区的实证分析

TRADITIONAL ELEMENTS INNOVATION ELEMENTS AND THE GROWTH OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARKS*——EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON 106 PARKS

关键词:  农业科技园创新要素经济增长贡献率地区差异

Key words:  agricultural science and technology parks  innovative elements  economic growth  contribution rate  regional differences

摘要:

［目的］加强农业科技园区建设是我国未来农业科技创新工作的重要内容。通过理清创新类生产要素对农业园区经济增长的作用机制，提出园区吸引创新要素、提升创新能力的政策建议，为破解增长瓶颈提供参考。［方法］利用106个国家级农业科技园区2001—2016年要素投入与产出数据，估算创新要素与传统要素的产出贡献度，并分别使用年度均值和随机收取的11家分属于不同区域的园区个体数据，对东部、中部和西部园区的要素贡献度差异进行比较。［结果］三大区域创新要素产出占总产出的比重成倍高于同区域传统要素产出所占比重，对总产出的贡献显著； 西部地区创新要素投入对总产出的贡献率高于东部地区，中部地区创新要素投入对总产出的贡献率接近东部地区。［结论］以创新引领为特征的新经济增长不依赖于传统经济优势，加大创新要素投入是实现赶超、破解农业经济发展瓶颈的重要手段之一； 塑造园区成为农业科技创新平台和科技孵化培育载体，就能够通过创新要素的微观作用机制，以正外部经济效应带动农业及其周边产业快速增长。

Abstract:

Strengthening the construction of agricultural science and technology parks is an important part of agricultural science and technology innovation in China. By clarifying the mechanism of the innovative production elements on the economic growth of agricultural parks, this study offers certain policy proposals like attracting innovative elements and promoting innovation abilities in agricultural parks to provide references to the removal of growth bottleneck. This study estimated the output contribution of innovative elements and traditional elements with the elements input and output data from 2001 to 2006 in 106 national agricultural science and technology parks, and compared the elements contribution differences among eastern, central and western parks with annual averages and individual data randomly drawn from 11 parks in different regions. The proportion of the innovative elements output is many fold larger than that of the traditional elements output to the total output in the three regions, therefore, the innovative elements contribute significantly to the total output; the innovative elements input in the western regions contribute more to the total output than those in the eastern regions, and the contribution rate of the innovative elements input in the central regions to the total output approximates that of the eastern regions. The new economic growth characterized by innovation does not rely on traditional economic advantages, and increasing the innovative elements input is one of the important means to catch up and crack the bottlenecks of agricultural economic development. With the park becoming the platform for agricultural science and technology innovation and the carrier for science and technology incubation, the positive external economy effects will stimulate the rapid growth of agriculture and its circumjacent products by the micro mechanism of innovative elements.