农村教育结构对中部地区农民收入结构的影响及对策研究

RESEARCH ON COUNTERMEASURES AND THE EFFECT OF RURAL EDUCATION STRUCTURES ON FARMERS′ INCOME STRUCTURES IN THE CENTRAL REGION

关键词:  中部地区农村教育结构农民收入结构动态面板数据Sys GMM法

Key words:  central region  rural education structure  farmers′ income structure  dynamic panel data  System GMM

摘要:

［目的］通过研究农村教育结构对中部地区农民收入结构的影响，为中部地区制定科学合理的农村教育发展政策提供建议。［方法］基于动态面板数据，利用Sys GMM法克服内生性问题进行实证分析。［结果］中部地区农村初等教育程度人力资本提高了农民农业收入占比，降低了农民非农业收入占比以及其他收入占比，不利于农民收入结构优化； 农村中等和高等教育程度人力资本均不利于农民农业收入占比提高，但有利于农民非农业收入占比以及其他收入占比提高，有利于农民收入结构优化，其中农村中等教育程度人力资本未显著提高农民其他收入占比，但与农村高等教育程度人力资本对中部地区农民收入结构的优化作用相比，中等教育程度人力资本的优化作用仍然较大； 分地区看，对于省会地区、地级市地区和县级市地区，中等教育程度人力资本和高等教育程度人力资本均有利于农民收入结构优化，其中省会地区高等教育程度人力资本对农民收入结构的优化作用最大，地级市地区和县级市地区中等教育程度人力资本的优化作用最大。［结论］中部地区为了优化农民收入结构，需进一步发展农村教育，提高农村人口中中等教育程度人力资本和高等教育程度人力资本占比，省会地区要侧重提高农村人口中高等教育程度人力资本占比，地级市地区和县级市地区而言，则需侧重提高农村人口中中等教育程度人力资本占比，但均需注意农村人口教育程度提高对农业收入的不利影响。

Abstract:

This study provides suggestions for a scientific and reasonable rural education development policy in the central region of China by analyzing the effect of rural education structures on the income structures of farmers. The study was based on dynamic panel data and used System GMM to overcome the endogenous problems.The basic education level of human capital in rural areas has increased the proportion of farmers′ agricultural income in the central region and reduced the proportion of farmers′ non agricultural income and other incomes; however, it does not optimize their income structures. The secondary and higher education levels of human capital in rural areas are not conducive to the proportion of agricultural income, but are conducive to non agriculture income and other incomes; they optimize farmers′ income structures. The secondary education level of human capital in rural areas does not significantly increase the proportion of other incomes; however, compared to the optimization effect that the higher education level of human capital in rural areas on farmers′ income structures, the optimization effect of the secondary education level of human capital is greater. From the perspective of areas, the secondary and higher education levels of human capital in rural areas are conducive to the optimization of farmers′ income structures in provincial capital areas, prefecture level areas, and county level areas. Furthermore, the optimization effect of the higher education level of human capital is the greatest in the provincial capital area, whereas the optimization effect of the secondary education level of human capital is the greatest in the prefecture level and county level areas. The central region needs to further develop rural education as well as improve the ratio of the secondary and higher education levels of human capital in rural areas in order to optimize farmers′ income structures. The provincial capital area needs to focus on improving the ratio at the higher education level of human capital. The prefecture level and county level areas need to emphasize the improvement of the ratio at the secondary education level of human capital. However, they should also pay attention to the adverse effects that an increase in the education level of the rural population on agricultural income.