近25年甘肃省马铃薯生产比较优势与空间分异分析

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION ANALYSIS OF POTATO PRODUCTION IN GANSU PROVINCE IN RECENT 25 YEARS

关键词:  马铃薯比较优势集中度区位熵发展对策甘肃省

Key words:  potato  comparative advantage  concentration ratio  location quotient  Development Countermeasure  Gansu province

摘要:

［目的］文章以1991—2016年甘肃省的统计数据为依据，研究甘肃省马铃薯生产的现状格局、生产比较优势、变化规律以及在全国的竞争地位，为甘肃省马铃薯供给侧结构调整、促进马铃薯主食化及三产融合政策制定提供依据。［方法］运用生产规模优势、效率优势、综合比较优势、集中度和区位熵等研究方法。［结果］（1）1991—2016年甘肃省马铃薯生产的SAI、EAI、CAI均大于1，在全国马铃薯生产中具有重要位置，整体竞争力较强，区域优势明显； （2）甘肃省马铃薯在种植空间上呈现向中部地区集中的态势； （3）马铃薯生产效率优势相对较集中，效率优势指数多集中在08~14之间； （4）各市州马铃薯种植的CAI与SAI的变动趋势具有一致性，马铃薯生产综合优势的“极化效益”提升； （5）马铃薯生产集中度排名格局基本形成且保持稳定； （6）兰州、金昌、白银、天水、武威、张掖、平凉、庆阳、定西、陇南、临夏、甘南12个市的马铃薯生产具有较高的专业化水平和较强的市场竞争力。［结论］构建扶持马铃薯生产的长效机制，树立“一个理念”、实现“五化”的发展思路，形成一、二、三产业深度融合的全产业链发展模式，实现由马铃薯生产大省到产业强省的跨越式发展。

Abstract:

Based on the statistics data of potato in Gansu province from 1991 to 2016, the present situation of potato production in Gansu province, the comparative advantage of production, the law of change and the competitive status in China were studied, which provided the basis for the adjustment of the supply side structure of potato in Gansu province, the promotion of the staple food of potato and the formulation of the three production fusion policy. The research methods such as production scale advantage, efficiency advantage, comprehensive comparative advantage, location entropy and concentration ratio were applied. The results showed that（1）From 1991 to 2016, the comprehensive comparative advantage index, scale comparative advantage index, and efficiency comparative advantage index of potato production in Gansu province were all more than 1. Potato production in Gansu province had an important position in national potato production, and the overall competitiveness was strong, and the regional advantage was obvious. (2) The planting space of potato in Gansu province presented a trend of centralization to the central region. (3) The efficiency advantage of potato production was relatively concentrated, and the index of efficiency advantage was mostly between 0.8 and 1.4. (4) The change trends of comprehensive comparative advantage index and scale comparative advantage index of potato planting in different cities and states were consistent, and the "polarization benefit" of comprehensive advantages of potato production had improved. (5) The ranking pattern of potato production concentration was basically formed and remained stable.（6）Potato production in 12 cities including of Lanzhou, Jinchang, Baiyin, Tianshui, Wuwei, Zhangye, Pingliang, Qingyang, Dingxi, Longnan, Linxia and Ganan had a high level of specialization and strong market competitiveness. We should build a long term mechanism to support potato production, set up the development idea of "one idea" and "five modernizations", and form an all Industry chain development model with deep integration of one, two and three industries, and realize the leap forward development from a big potato production province to a strong industrial province.