土地承包经营权退出补偿标准研究*——基于农户的需求调查

STUDY ON THE COMPENSATION STANDARD OF LAND CONTRACT MANAGEMENT RIGHT WITHDRAWAL*——BASED ON THE SURVEY OF FARMERS′ NEEDS

关键词:  土地改革土地承包经营权农户受偿需求退地补偿标准

Key words:  land reform  farmers  contractual management right for rural land  compensation needs of farmers  compensation standard

摘要:

［目的］研究科学合理的补偿标准，促进土地承包经营权的有偿退出，对解除农民与土地的传统捆绑关系有重大意义。［方法］文章通过对成都市120户农户的访谈调查，采用层次分析法对农户退出土地承包经营权的受偿需求进行了分析归类和权重确定，在此基础上，建立了按人补偿的退地补偿标准，并将其与成都现行补偿标准进行了对比。［结果］研究发现农户退出土地承包经营权的受偿需求有收入补偿需求、养老保障需求、失业保障需求、情感补偿需求、技能提升需求、家庭发展需求6个类属，根据马斯洛需求层次理论，这6个需求类属可归纳到生理需求、保障需求、情感需求、发展需求4个层次中，各需求层次权重分别为048、037、008和007； 基于农户需求构建的补偿标准约为53万元/人，高于成都市现行补偿标准，高出部分为对农户保障需求、情感需求、发展需求的补偿。［结论］要建立完善的土地承包经营权退出补偿机制，应适当提高现行的补偿标准，充分考虑农户养老、失业、情感、发展等问题，并因人制宜地考察农户的退地申请条件，同时保留退地农户作为集体经济组织成员的其他权益。

Abstract:

It is of great significance to study the scientific and reasonable compensation standard and promote farmers to quit their land contractual management right. Based on an interview survey of 120 households in Chengdu, this paper used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze and determine the compensation needs of farmers for quitting land contractual management right. On this basis, the compensation standards for returning land by person were established and compared with the current compensation standards in Chengdu.The study reveals that the farmers′ compensation needs include six categories:income compensation needs, pension insurance needs, unemployment insurance needs, emotional compensation needs, skill upgrading needs and family development needs. According to Maslow′s Theory of Needs Hierarchy, the above six needs categories can be divided into four hierarchies: physiological needs, security needs, emotional needs, development needs, and the weight of each needs hierarchy is 0.48, 0.37, 0.08 and 0.07 respectively. The compensation standard based on the farmers′ needs is about 53,000 yuan per capita, which is higher than the current compensation standard in Chengdu. The higher part is the compensation for farmers′ security needs, emotional needs and development needs. Therefore, in order to establish a perfect compensation mechanism, the government should raise the current compensation standards; take full account of many factors related to farmers, such as retirement, unemployment, feelings and development; review targetedly the farmer′s application conditions of quitting land contractual management right; and at the same time, retain other rights and interests of farmers, who are the members of collective economic organizations but quit the land contractual management right.