农业产业化经营主体状况及影响因素分析*——基于1 104个农业综合开发县的调查数据

THE STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION SUBJECT AND INFLUENCING FACTORS ANALYSIS*——BASED ON SURVEY DATA OF 1 104 COUNTIES OF ACD

关键词:  农业综合开发产业化农民专业合作社涉农企业经营状况

Key words:  agricultural comprehensive development  agriculture industrialization  farmers professional cooperatives  agriculture related enterprises  operation conditions

摘要:

［目的］基于全国1 104个农业综合开发县7 734个新型农业经营主体的调研数据，分析新型农业主体的经营状况，并依据科学、合理的原则选取指标，探析农业主体营业利润率的影响因素。［方法］文章采用描述性统计分析与实证分析相结合的方法展开研究，其中，实证分析采用多元线性回归的方法。［结果］经过多年的发展，新型农业经营主体发展表现为3个特点。（1）资金实力较强，财务状况良好。就资本而言，涉农企业的注册资本均值1 94406万元，农民专业合作社成员出资额均值为40226万元，就经营利润而言，涉农企业的净利润均值为74209万元，农民专业合作社的净利润均值为2331万元。（2）适度规模经营成效显著，带动能力较强。涉农企业的基地面积均值达1 05084hm2，农民专业合作社基地面积均值为36161hm2，符合适度规模经营的条件； 农业企业带动农户均值为5 415户，农民专业合作社带动农户均值为904户。（3）市场导向明显，经营范围广泛。从销售的广度来看，涉及农林牧副渔业的各种农副产品，从销售的深度来看，包括初级农产品和精深加工的产品。（4）注重品牌建设，产品认证比例较高。获得级别认证的涉农企业、农民合作社比例分别为8631%、64%，包括国家级、省级、市级3个等级； 就涉农企业而言，获得有机农产品认证、绿色农产品认证、无公害农产品认证的比例分别为： 2690%、3064%、5584%； 就农民专业合作社而言，获得有机农产品认证、绿色农产品认证、无公害农产品认证的比例分别为： 1690%、2373%、5289%。［结论］通过实证分析可以得出：商标级别对新型农业经营主体的营业利润率有正向作用，主体类别、资产负债率、级别认定、商标注册、产品认证、基地面积对主体的营业利润率有负向作用，管理认证及带动农户数对农业经营主体营业利润率的影响不显著，并分析了可能的原因。

Abstract:

Based on the survey data of 7 734 new agricultural management subjects in 1 104 counties of Agricultural Comprehensive Development, analyzing the operation conditions of the new type of agricultural subjects, selecting related indicators based on scientific and rational principles, and analyzing the factors affecting the operation profit rate of agricultural subjects. The article used a combination of descriptive statistical analysis and empirical analysis to conduct the research，among them, empirical analysis using multiple linear regression methods. The research shows that after many years of development, the new agricultural management subjects have three characteristics. Firstly, the financial strength is strong and the financial status is good. As far as capital is concerned, the registered capital of agriculture related enterprises is 19.44 million, and the average investment of farmers′ professional cooperatives is 4.02 million. In terms of operating profit, the average profit of agriculture related enterprises is 7.42 million, and the farmers professional cooperatives is 0.23 million. Secondly, the moderate scale operation has achieved remarkable results, and the driving ability is stronger. The average area of the agricultural related enterprises reached 1050.84 hectares, and the average area of farmers professional cooperatives is 361.61 hectares, which is in line with the conditions of moderate scale operation; the agricultural enterprises led the farmers to 5,415 and the average farmer cooperatives is 904. Thirdly, Market orientation is obvious, business scope is wide. From the breadth of sales, various agricultural and sideline products related to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery were produced, from the perspective of depth, primary and intensively agricultural products were produced. Fourthly, focused on brand building, a higher proportion of product certification is built. The proportion of agricultural related enterprises and farmer cooperatives that have obtained the level certification is 86.31% and 64%, including national, provincial and municipal three levels; for agricultural enterprises, the proportion of organic agricultural product certification, green agricultural product certification, and pollution free agricultural product certification is 26.90%, 30.64%, and 55.84% respectively; for farmers′ professional cooperatives, the proportions of organic agricultural product certification, green agricultural product certification, and pollution free agricultural product certification is: 16.90%, 23.73%, and 52.89%, respectively. Through empirical analysis, it can be concluded that the trademark level has a positive effect on the operating profit rate of the new agricultural management subjects, and the subject category, asset liability ratio, level recognition, trademark registration, product certification, and base area have negative effects. Management certification and driving ability to the number of rural households have no significant effect. And analyzed the possible causes.