发达地区农村土地流转的收益分配格局与扭曲程度*——基于上海市农户问卷的实地调查

THE INCREMENT DISTRIBUTION AND DISTORTION DEGREE OF RURAL LAND TRANSFER IN DEVELOPED REGIONS* ——BASED ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE INVESTIGATION OF PEASANTS IN SHANGHAI

关键词:  城乡建设用地增值收益收益分配阿特金森福利指数扭曲程度

Key words:  rural urban construction land  incremental value  benefits distribution  Atkinson index  distortion degree

摘要:

［目的］土地流转收益分配一直是城乡土地利用与管理的热点话题。文章根据上海农户微观实证调查，以农地征收作为国有建设用地的增值研究状态，以集体建设用地征收、复垦和私下交易为集体建设用地流转的增值研究状态，分析不同集体土地流转的各权利主体增值收益和收益分配格局。［方法］利用阿特金森福利指数测算不同流转模式下收益分配格局的扭曲程度。［结果］（1）农地城市流转中农户和政府的收益比为1∶4718； 宅基地征收中农户和政府的收益比为1∶122； 宅基地复垦两者收益比为1∶402，农户隐形交易中农户获得农村房地产全部增值收益105 783元，政府所得收益为0； （2）农地城市流转、宅基地征收和宅基地复垦3种流转形式的综合阿特金森指数分别为0918 7， 0009 9和0361 9，即宅基地征收的阿特金森指数最低，其收益分配格局扭曲程度最低，而农地城市流转阿特金森指数最高，即收益分配扭曲程度最高； （3）从收益分配扭曲程度可推测，政府组织流转集体土地的优先序为：农地城市流转>集体建设用地复垦>集体建设用地征收。［结论］该研究不仅分析了当前农村土地流转的收益分配格局，也揭示了政府组织集体土地流转活动的动机，为进一步提高农户补偿提供了一定科学依据。

Abstract:

Revenue distribution in land transfer has been a hot issue in rural urban land use and management. Based on the questionnaire investigation from peasants in Shanghai, this study took different forms of rural urban construction land transfer, such as land acquisition, land reclamation and land transaction, to analyze the incremental values of rural urban construction land and the benefits distribution among related stakeholders. In addition, the Atkinson index was used to measure the distortion degree of incremental value distribution. The major results were showed as follows. First, the benefit rates of peasants to government in farmland acquisition, rural construction land acquisition, and land reclamation were 1∶47.18, 1∶1.22 and 1∶4.02, respectively, while in terms of land transaction, peasants could get the all incremental value 1057.83 yuan and the government gained nothing. Second, the Atkinson indexes for farmland acquisition, rural construction land acquisition, and land reclamation were 0.9187, 0.0099 and 0.3619 respectively, which meant the distortion degree for farmland acquisition was the highest while the rural construction land acquisition was the lowest. Finally, the levels of distortion degree also indicated that the prior order for governments to convert the rural construction land was rural urban conversion>rural residential land reclamation> land taking. In conclusion, this study not only analyzes the current revenue distribution pattern of rural land conversion, but also reveals the governments′ motivation of organizing activities of rural land conversions, which provides scientific basis for improving peasants′ compensation in the future.