广东省农地“三权分置”可持续发展评价

EVALUATION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF "THREE RIGHTS SEPARATION" OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

关键词:  农地“三权分置”指标体系可持续发展层次分析法广东省

Key words:  three rights separation of farmland  indicator system  sustainable development  analytic hierarchy process  Guangdong province

摘要:

［目的］探讨农村土地的所有权、承包权和经营权的可持续发展能力，对于有效解决土地产权的困境，稳定农地承包权以及推进农村土地经营权的有序流转具有重要的实际意义。［方法］以广东省为例，通过构建农地“三权分置”可持续发展评价体系，采用层次分析法确定指标权重，进而通过可持续发展指数确定其可持续发展能力。［结果］广东省农民土地承包权指数最高，而对应指标的指数相对也高，其中土地承包权确权实测率指数最高； 广东省农民土地流转经营权的指数介于所有权和承包权之间，农民在获得稳定的土地流转收益有力转移农村剩余劳动力，进而直接或间接的增加农民收入； 广东省的农村土地所有权指数最低，因为广东省所有权人均土地面积较低，农民的产权认知能力较弱，导致指数偏低。［结论］农地“三权分置”相互影响相互制约，落实农地集体所有权，制定土地有偿使用和有偿退出机制，建立多层次的土地流转中心和合作社，维护农地的合理流转，在一定程度上提高农地的利用效率。

Abstract:

Exploring the sustainable development ability of rural land ownership, contracting rights and management rights has important practical significance for effectively solving the dilemma of land property rights, stabilizing rural land contracting rights and promoting the orderly circulation of farmland management rights. Taking Guangdong province as an example, the sustainable development evaluation system of "separation of three powers" of rural land was constructed, and the index weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process, and then its sustainable development ability was determined by sustainable development index. The results show that the index of farmer′s land contract right in Guangdong province is the highest, and the corresponding index is relatively high, among which the index of the actual measurement rate of land contracting right is the highest; the index of farmer′s land transfer right in Guangdong province is between ownership and contracting right, and the farmers obtained stable land transfer income can effectively transfer rural surplus labor, and then directly or indirectly increase farmers′ income. The rural land ownership index of Guangdong province is the lowest, because the per capita land area of ownership in Guangdong province is low, and farmers′ property rights cognitive ability is weak, which leads to the low index. The "three powers separation" of rural land and affects and restricts each other, implements collective ownership of rural land, formulates a mechanism for paid use and withdrawal of land, establishes multi level land transfer centers and cooperatives, maintains the reasonable circulation of rural land, and improves the utilization efficiency of rural land to a certain extent.