河南省传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素研究

RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES AND INFLUENCING FACTORS IN HENAN PROVINCE

关键词:  河南省传统村落空间分布影响因素GIS技术

Key words:  Henan province  traditional villages  spatial distribution  influencing factors  GIS technology

摘要:

［目的］分析河南省传统村落的空间分布特征及其影响因素，以期为中原地区传统村落的建设发展提供指导。［方法］文章通过谷歌地理信息系统及ArcGIS102软件对河南省124个国家级传统村落的空间分布类型、分布格局、分布均衡型及影响因素进行分析，采用最邻近距离法、核密度估计法及地理集中程度等方法揭示其空间分布特征及其形成的影响因素。［结果］最邻近距离法分析R=0628，小于1，分布类型为凝聚型。核密度分析中，整体空间分布呈现3个核心区域，平顶山东北区域，豫西北沿省边界呈带状分布及豫南信阳南部，空间分布受地理、经济和文化等因素影响。［结论］河南省传统村落的空间分布属凝聚型不均衡分布。从地级市层面上分析，主要集中在平顶山东部、信阳南部和三门峡地区； 从分区层面上，以豫中较多，豫北、豫西和豫南其次，豫东基本空白。形成原因与地理高程、社会经济和历史事件有关。交通不便、经济相对发达或相对落后、历史事件少发的区域，传统村落保存较为完整。

Abstract:

This research intends to analyze the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in Henan province, so as to provide guidance for the construction and development of traditional villages in central China. It analyzed the spatial distribution of types, distribution pattern and distribution equilibrium type and the influencing factors of 124 national traditional villages in Henan province by Google geographic information system and ArcGIS10.2 soft. Moreover, it adopted the methods of the nearest neighbor distance, kernel density estimation and geographical concentration degree to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics and the influencing factors of its formation. And by using the closest approach, the R was 0.628, less than 1, and the distribution type was condensed. In addition, through nuclear density analysis, this research found that the overall spatial distribution presented three core area including the northeastern region of Pingdingshan, the northwestern Henan province along the provincial boundary and the south of Xinyang and the spatial distribution was affected by factors such as geography, economy and culture. The spatial distribution of traditional villages in Henan province belongs to agglomerative unbalanced distribution. From the city state level analysis, the spatial distribution mainly concentrate in the east of Pingdingshan, the south of Xinyang and Sanmenxia area; From the subdivision level, the spatial distribution is more in the middle of Henan province, followed by the north, West and south of Henan province, and the basic blank in the east of Henan province. The reasons of formation are related to the geographical elevation, social economy and historical events. The traditional villages are well preserved in areas with inconvenient transportation, relatively developed or backward economy and few historical events.