我国柑橘全要素生产率测算与区域差异分析*——基于DEA-Malmquist指数法

CALCULATION OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF CITRUS IN CHINA AND THE DIFFERENCE OF REGION*——BASED ON THE DEA MALMQUIST INDEX METHOD

关键词:  柑橘DEA模型全要素生产率时序变化区域差异

Key words:  citrus  DEA model  total factor productivity  sequential variation  regional differences

摘要:

［目的］在我国柑橘产业蓬勃发展背景下，存在耕地规模狭小和劳动资源匮乏的双重瓶颈，研究试图从全要素生产率视角探究柑橘产业可持续健康发展的路径。［方法］基于2011—2016年我国柑橘生产的面板数据，文章运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算了柑橘全要素生产率，分析了我国柑橘全要素生产率的动态演进特点，比较了柑橘、柑和橘全要素生产率的区域差异。［结果］（1）从整体趋势看， 2011年以来我国柑橘全要素生产率呈下降趋势，但年际间波动较小。考察期间内，柑橘、柑和橘的平均全要素生产率增长率分别为26%、20%和23%。（2）从影响因素看，技术进步是影响柑橘产业全要素生产率的主要因素，纯技术效率和规模效率是影响全要素生产率的重要因素。（3）从区域差异看，科技进步为福建、广东等省份柑橘产业的生产效率的提升发挥了重要作用，但经营规模过小阻碍了其生产效率的进一步提高，其增长优势明显劣于江西、湖南两省。（4）从品种分类看，多数省份橘的技术进步指数和规模效率指数均高于柑，柑的全要素生产率增长相对较差，仅在部分省份优势明显。［结论］推进柑橘科技创新，引导适度规模经营，培育新型农业经营主体，因地制宜实施柑橘产业支持政策是促进我国柑橘全要素生产率增长有效途径。

Abstract:

Under the background of vigorous development of citrus industry in China, there is a double bottleneck, namely small scale of cultivated land and lack of labor resources. This study attempts to explore the sustainable and healthy development path of citrus industry from the perspective of total factor productivity. Based on the panel data of citrus production in China from 2011 to 2016, this study used the DEA Malmquist index method to measure total factor productivity of citrus , analyzed the dynamic evolution characteristics of citrus′ TFP, and compared the regional differences of total factor productivity of citrus，mandarin and tangerine. The results show that (1) From the overall trend, the total factor productivity of citrus in China has shown a downward trend since 2011, but the inter annual fluctuation is small. During the period of investigation, the average TFP growth rates of citrus, mandarin and orange are 2.6%, 2.0% and 2.3%, respectively. (2) From the impact of factors, technological progress is the main factors that affecting the growth of citrus′ TFP in China, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are important influencing factors of the total factor productivity. (3) From the regional differences, the technological progress plays an important role in improving the production efficiency of citrus industry in Fujian，Guangdong and other provinces, but the small scale of operation hinders the further improvement of production efficiency. And its growth advantage is obviously inferior to that of Jiangxi，Hunan province. (4) From the classification of citrus varieties, the technological improvement index and scale efficiency index of orange in most provinces are higher than that of mandarin, while the growth of total factor productivity of mandarin is relatively weak, which is only obvious in few provinces. It is an effective way to promote the total factor productivity growth of citrus in China by promoting the innovation of citrus science and technology, guiding moderate scale operation, cultivating new agricultural business entities and implementing citrus support policies according to local conditions.