我国马铃薯生产格局变化特征及原因分析

ANALYSIS ON THE CHANGES AND REASONS OF POTATO PRODUCTION PATTERN IN CHINA

关键词:  马铃薯主粮化区域变化收益驱动比较优势

Key words:  potato production  staple food strategy  regional characteristics  income driven  comparative advantage

摘要:

［目的］在马铃薯主粮化战略提出和马铃薯产业需求快速增长的背景下，研究我国马铃薯生产、消费情况，剖析马铃薯生产格局变化特征及影响因素，为优化马铃薯生产布局提出建议。［方法］利用2000年以来全国及分省马铃薯生产、消费数据，通过统计描述和对比分析对马铃薯生产形势从总量特征和区域特征两方面进行分析，计算单产和种植面积贡献率，并且从成本收益角度对马铃薯生产格局变动及优化布局作出解释。［结果］我国马铃薯种植面积从2000年的4723万hm2增加到2015年的5518万hm2，马铃薯产量从2000年的1 3255万t增长至2015年的1 8972万t。在这个过程中，马铃薯生产集中度不断提高，区域布局进一步优化，其中西南混作区逐渐成为马铃薯优势产区。［结论］马铃薯生产格局的变化既有消费需求的拉动，也有国家产业政策的支持，另外收益驱动和资源比较优势的发挥也是推动马铃薯生产格局变化的重要原因。未来为进一步促进马铃薯生产的健康发展，应重点结合各区域环境资源优势进行区域规划、降低脱毒种薯成本并加大良种推广力度。

Abstract:

Under the background of potato main grain strategy and rapid growth of potato industry demand, this research studies the potato production and consumption in China, analyzes the characteristics and influencing factors of potato production pattern, so as to propose to optimize the potato production layout. Using the national and provincial potato production and consumption data since 2000, this research analyzed the potato production situation from the total and regional characteristics, and the yield per unit area and the planting area through adopting statistical description and comparative analysis. Moreover, it explained the changes in the potato production pattern and optimize the layout from the perspective of cost benefit. Studies show that the area of potato planting in China has increased from 4.723 million hectares in 2000 to 5.518 million hectares in 2015, and potato production has increased from 13.255 million tons in 2000 to 18.972 million tons in 2015. In this process, the concentration of potato production has been continuously improved, and the regional layout has been further optimized. The southwest mixed farming area has gradually become a dominant potato producing area. Changes in the pattern of potato production are not only driven by consumer demand, but also by national industrial policies. In addition, the benefits driven and comparative advantage of resources are also important reasons for promoting changes in potato production patterns. In order to further promote the healthy development of potato production in the future, we should focus on regional planning, reduce the cost of virus free seed potatoes and increase the promotion of improved varieties.