美国家禽改良计划的实施成效及对我国的启示

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POULTRY IMPROVEMENT PLAN IN THE UNITED STATES AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA

关键词:  美国家禽改良计划疫病净化实施成效启示

Key words:  United States  poultry improvement plan  disease purification  implementation effectiveness  enlightenment

摘要:

［目的］通过剖析美国家禽改良计划（NPIP）的实施背景、具体措施以及产生的实际影响，总结成功经验和历史教训，以此提出对我国执行家禽疫病净化方案的启示。［方法］利用文献梳理、政策分析等方法，采用定量分析与定性分析相结合，探讨美国家禽改良计划的实施成效及不足之处。［结果］美国在开展家禽改良计划后，有效降低了动物患病概率，疫病防治成本大为下降； 推动了家禽工业快速发展，使其占据全球市场的重要位置； 保障了家禽产品的质量安全，增强了产业体系的竞争力。［结论］建议我国在仿照美国家禽改良计划的同时，应当紧密结合本国国情以及地方实际，利用市场机制和经济效益充分调动参与主体的积极性，为企业定期提供疫病净化技术的培训机会，加大对养殖企业开展疫病净化的资助，并加强对疫病净化工作的宣传，以此提升我国家禽养殖的疫病防治水平以及生物安全管理水平。

Abstract:

This research summarizes the implementation experience and historical lessons of the United States′ National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) by reviewing its implementation background, specific measures, and actual impacts, so as to propose the enlightenment for the implementation of poultry disease eradication plan in China. Using the literature combing, policy analysis and other methods, this research explored the implementation effectiveness and shortcomings of the United States′ National Poultry Improvement Plan through combining the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The results showed that after launching of the NPIP, the United States had effectively reduced the probability of animal diseases and the cost of epidemic disease prevention, it had also promoted the development of American poultry industry, which occupied an important position in the global market, protected the quality and safety of poultry products, and enhanced the competitiveness of the whole industrial system. It is suggested that China should learn from the United States′NPIP and combine actual national situation and local conditions, fully utilize the market mechanism and economic benefits to mobilize the enthusiasm of participating parties, provide enterprises with regular training opportunities for disease purification technology, increase funding support for aquaculture enterprises to carry out disease purification, and strengthen the publicity of the disease purification work, in order to raise the level of disease prevention and control and biosafety management in Chinese farming industry.