农民专业合作社在乡村治理体系中的定位与实践角色

POSITIONING AND PRACTICAL ROLE OF FARMERS' SPECIALIZED COOPERATIVES IN RURAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM

关键词:  农民专业合作社合作社规范发展乡村管理体制合作社民主管理乡村振兴

Key words:  farmers specialized cooperatives  standardized development of cooperatives  rural governance  democratic management of cooperatives  revitalization of rural areas

摘要:

［目的］构建德治、法治与自治相结合的有中国特色的乡村治理体系促进乡村振兴。［方法］文章分别从历史视角和组织视角研究了改革开放以来我国乡村社会治理体系变革和农村各类组织构成，从农民专业合作社的社区属性探讨了其在乡村治理体系中的功能和作用，从制度视角分析了农民专业合作社参与乡村治理面临的体制机制障碍。［结果］农民合作社在乡村治理体系中具有多项功能和价值，可以教育和引导农民，提高农民的组织化水平； 能代表农民发声，成为农村公共事务协商决策的重要主体； 可以承担乡村基础设施建设和公共服务，成为乡村社会建设的重要承载主体； 可以调节农民之间、农民与其他各类组织之间的冲突和矛盾，成为乡村社会重要的纠纷调处主体。［结论］推动农民专业合作社参与乡村治理，要从转变观念、完善体制、创新方式、完善法律等方面，加快推动合作社参与乡村公共事务的协商决策，承担更多公共服务。（1）要转变观念和意识，重视合作社在乡村治理体系中的作用。（2）完善乡村管理体制，细化县乡政府与村级自治的职责和界限。（3）推动合作社规范发展，健全合作社民主管理。(4)推动购买服务方式，让合作社承担更多乡村公共事务。(5)完善法律法规，为合作社参与乡村治理提供法制保障。

Abstract:

This study aims to construct a rural governance system with Chinese characteristics by combining the rule of virtue, rule of law and autonomy, so as to promote the revitalization of rural areas. This study researched China′s reform of rural social governance system and the composition of various rural organizations since the reform and opening up respectively from a historical perspective and an organizational perspective. Moreover, it discussed the function and role of farmers′ specialized cooperatives in rural governance system according to its attribute. In addition, it analyzed the obstacles faced by farmers′ specialized cooperatives in participating in rural governance from the perspective of system. The research revealed that farmers′ specialized cooperatives provided a lot of functions and value in rural governance system, such as educating and guiding farmers to enhance their organizational level, speaking for farmers and functioning as the main body conducting consultation and making decisions about rural public affairs, undertaking rural infrastructure construction and public services and functioning as the main body of rural social construction, mediating the conflicts and contradictions between farmers, between farmers and other organizations. To encourage farmers′ specialized cooperatives to participate in rural governance, we should accelerate the cooperatives′ participation in the consultation and decision making of rural public affairs to make it assume more public services through ideology transformation, system perfection, approach innovation and law improvement. First, we should transforming our concept and ideology, valuing the role of cooperatives in rural governance system. Second, we should perfect rural governance system, further clarifying the responsibilities and boundaries of country and township governments and village level autonomy. Third, we should promote the standardized development of cooperatives and improve its democratic management. Fourth, we should promote the purchase of services and enable cooperatives to undertake more rural public affairs. Finally, we should improve laws and regulations to provide legal guarantees for cooperatives to participate in rural governance.