“五结合”生态温室生命周期评价及比较分析

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF‘FIVE IN ONE’ ECOLOGICAL GREENHOUSE

关键词:  “五结合”生态温室生命周期评价环境指数可持续发展

Key words:  Five in One  ecological greenhouse  life cycle assessment  environmental impact  sustainable development

摘要:

［目的］通过“五结合”生态温室生命周期评价及比较分析，发现各类温室潜在的环境影响及其关键要素，探索各模式改进提升的重点及未来发展方向。［方法］应用生命周期评价方法，将“五结合”生态温室与国内典型地区节能日光温室和国外同类模式进行环境综合评价，在此基础上分析“五结合”生态温室替代常规模式的可能性。［结果］较节能日光温室，生态温室单位产品的能源消耗、水资源消耗、气候变化、潜在的环境酸化、富营养化、人体、水体和土壤毒性分别降低了27%， 64%， 27%， 32%， 43%， 97%， 99%和99%，综合环境指数降低986%，环境效益大幅度提升。与国外同类模式相比，由于充分利用太阳能，中国常规模式在降低能源消耗和温室气体减排方面优势明显，其他各项环境指数与国外相比还存在较大差距，但“五结合”生态温室各项指数全面优于或接近国外同类模式。［结论］以“五结合”生态温室为代表的生态模式能够解决国内外温室发展面临的众多瓶颈问题，具有极大的发展潜力和应用价值。

Abstract:

Greenhouse production (GP) is an important mode in China and other regions. However, there are many problems due to high energy, fertilizers and pesticides used in greenhouse production. Thus, both China and other areas have been improving to create more productive and economic efficiency with lower inputs as well. From the perspective of circular agriculture, we designed a "Five in One" ecological model (Model 1), which was an integrated system involving planting, breeding, biogas and rain collecting subsystems. Then, based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, taking one ton vegetable as functional unit, we compared it with the two conventional model productions in Hebei province (Tomato celery planting, Model 2) and Shandong province (Tomato tomato planting, Model 3). The results showed that compared to Model 3, all the environmental impact index involving energy consumption (EC), water resource consumption (WRC), climate change (CC), acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP), human toxicity potential (HTP), flesh water toxicity potential(WTP) and terrestrial toxicity potential (TTP) were decreased by 27%,64%,27%,32%,43%,97%,99% and 99% ,respectively, and the comprehensive value decreased by 98.6%. Compared to similar researches in other regions generally, the two indicators of conventional greenhouse production involving EC and CC have advantages, while for other index, the conventional model existed huge challenges to improve in future. However, all these index of "Five in One", except individual indicator, were better than those of similar researches. Thus, ecological mode has great potentials to develop in both China and other areas to promote sustainable development.