龙头企业为中介的农村金融联结：成因、机理与对策

LEADING ENTERPRISES AS THE INTERMEDIARY OF RURAL FINANCIAL LINKAGE: CAUSES, MECHANISM AND COUNTERMEASURES

关键词:  农村金融联结龙头企业信贷市场担保机制金融资本

Key words:  rural financial linkage  leading enterprises  credit market  guarantee mechanism  financial capital

摘要:

［目的］在乡村振兴战略实施中，家庭农户等新型经营主体资本缺乏已经成为制约农村经济持续发展的主要障碍。金融联结是一种新的农村金融组织形式，优化了农村金融体系机制，增强了金融支农功能。以农业产业化龙头企业为联结中介是农村金融联结的重要形式之一，已经产生了良好经济效果。［方法］为了更好地发挥龙头企业在农村金融联结中的作用，运用文献调查法、定性分析方法对其进行了分析。［结果］以龙头企业为中介、农业产业链为基础，农业供应链为纽带，把信贷资金供需主体有机联结起来，并形成了较为完善的动力机制、运行机制、履约担保机制，缓解了农村信贷市场上信息不对称、农户抵押品不足的问题，降低交易成本和监督成本，提高按期还款率，确保了农村信贷市场的可持续性。［结论］政府应该加大对龙头企业的扶持，增强金融联结能力，解决农村经济发展对金融资本的需求，提高要素资源配置效率。

Abstract:

Lack of capital for new business entities such as family farmers have already become the main barriers for rural sustainable economic development in implementing rural revitalization strategy. Financial linkage, as one of rural financial organization form, can improve the mechanism of rural financial system and strengthen financial support agriculture function. Taking leading enterprises in agricultural industry as financial linkage has contributed to great economic effects as the important form of rural financial linkage. To further promote its effectiveness, this study made an elaborated analysis by using the literature review and qualitative methods. On the basis of leading enterprises as intermediaries and agricultural industry chains and agricultural supply chains as links, the main body of credit funds supply and demand is organically linked, and a set of well established mechanism is also formed including dynamic mechanism, an operation mechanism and a performance guarantee mechanism, which alleviates the problems of information asymmetry in rural credit market and farmers′ insufficient collateral,reduces transaction costs and supervision costs, and improves the repayment rate on schedule to ensures the sustainability of rural credit market. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should provide more support for agricultural leading enterprises, strengthen their financial connectivity, solve the demand of rural economic development for financial capital, and optimize the efficiency of the resources allocation.