耕地优劣度分值的计算与承包经营权互换*——耕地集中连片经营的思考

THE SCORE′ CALCULATION OF THE CULTIVATED LAND′S SUPERIOTITY AND INFERIORITY AND EXCHANGE OF CONTRACTUAL MANAGEMENT RIGHTS*——THINKING ON THE CENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT OF THE CULTIVATED LAND

关键词:  农户视角耕地优劣度耕地互换集中连片经营土地流转

Key words:  farmers′ perspective  the cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority  exchange of cultivated land  the centralized operation of contracted land  land circulation

摘要:

［目的］受自然因素和人类活动的影响，农村承包地呈零散分布的状态，分散耕作既耗时又费力，在这样的背景下，进行耕地优劣度分值的计算，以期对村内耕地互换起到参考作用，从而实现耕地集中连片经营。［方法］通过采用问卷调查的方式获得270份有效问卷，得到农户视角下影响耕地优劣度的8个指标及影响大小，利用GIS空间分析功能对土地确权数据进行分析，获取所需数据。［结果］（1）通过实地调研得到农户视角下影响耕地优劣度的8个指标，影响大小依次为灌溉条件>土壤肥沃程度>坡度>田块大小>田块连片度>田块规则度=耕作距离>耕作便捷度； （2）研究区3 313块耕地优劣度总分值为21663 1万分，人均耕地优劣度分值为129，在自愿的条件下，农户可以对拥有相同或者相近优劣度分值的耕地进行互换。这样的互换可以在一定程度上实现耕地集中连片经营。［结论］耕地优劣度分值的确定，对于指导村内承包经营地互换，降低耕地细碎化程度，实现承包地集中连片经营有着重要的参考意义。

Abstract:

Affected by natural factors and human activities, the rural contracted land is scattered, and it is time consuming and labor intensive for disperse farming. Under such a background, it is necessary to calculate the score of the cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority for cultivated land exchanging in the village, in order to realize the centralized management of cultivated land. Using questionnaires, 270 valid questionnaires, 8 indicators and impacting degrees on affecting the cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority from the perspective of farmers were obtained. The Rural Land Rights Confirmation data was analyzed to acquire the necessary data by the spatial analysis of GIS. The results showed that (1) Based on the 8 indicators evaluating the degree of good or bad on cultivated land from the farmers′ perspective, the impact intensity ranked as follows, irrigation condition > soil fertility > slope > field size > field contiguous > field regulation degree=cultivation distance>the convenience of farming. (2) The total score of 3 313 cultivated land in the study area was 216 631, and the score of per capita cultivated land was 129. Under voluntary conditions, farmers could exchange the land that have the same or similar scorces of cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority. To some extent, the exchange can achieve the centralized management of the cultivated land. In a word, the scores′ calculation for cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority is of great significance for guiding the exchange of contracted land in the village, reducing the degree of cultivated land fragment, and realizing the centralized operation of contracted land.