生物质能源可利用潜力评价*——以黑龙江省重点国有林区为例

EVALUATION ON THE UTILIZATION POTENTIAL OF BIOMASS ENERGY*——A CASE FROM KEY STATE OWNED FOREST AREAS IN HEILONGJIANG PROVICE

关键词:  国有林区生物质能源林木生物质资源农作物秸秆资源自下而上估算法

Key words:  key state owned forests  biomass energy  forestry biomass resources  agricultural crop straws  bottom up method

摘要:

［目的］生物质能源具有污染少、可再生等特点，合理地对其开发利用是黑龙江省重点国有林区经济转型发展的一种探索。通过对黑龙江省重点国有林区生物质能源资源量的计算，明确了生物质能源的可利用潜力及变化趋势，以期为其产业发展的政策制定提供理论参考。［方法］文章利用自下而上估算法，以林木生物质的资源量和农作物秸秆的产量为原始数据，对2005—2015年黑龙江省重点国有林区生物质能源可利用潜力进行评价。［结果］（1）研究期间，黑龙江省重点国有林区林木生物质资源可利用潜力小幅下降，农作物秸秆资源可利用潜力稳步上升。（2）林木生物质资源中，商品林采伐剩余物可利用潜力骤降，森林抚育剩余物可利用潜力增加； 农作物秸秆资源中，粮食作物秸秆可利用潜力逐年上升。（3）黑龙江省重点国有林区生物质能源可利用潜力随着国家“天保工程”和“重点国有林区全面禁止天然林商业性采伐”政策的实施而发生变化。［结论］黑龙江省重点国有林区生物质能源丰富，可利用潜力较大，其中农作物秸秆资源可利用潜力增速较快。

Abstract:

Biomass energy has its own characteristics, which is less pollution and renewability. Therefore, biomass energy with appropriate development and utilization is an exploration of economic transformation for key state owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province. By quantifying the biomass energy resources of key state owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province, this research calculated the utilization potential of the biomass energy and analyzed its trend, so as to provide theoretical references of biomass energy development′s policy making in key state owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province. Based on the original data of the forest biomass resources and the yield of agricultural crop straws, this research used the bottom up method to evaluate the utilization potential of biomass energy in key state owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2015. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, the utilization potential of forestry biomass resources decreased slightly in key state owned forest areas in Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2015. Whereas the utilization potential of agricultural crop straws increased steadily. Secondly, among the forestry biomass resources, the utilization potential of commercial forest harvesting residues plummeted. However, the utilization potential of forest tending residues raised sharply. In agricultural crop straws, the utilization potential of grain crops rose year by year. Finally, the potential utilization of biomass energy in key state owned forest areas in Heilongjiang was affected with the implementation of the natural forest protection project and the key state owned forest ban commercial logging of natural forests. Overall, biomass energy resources are rich in key state owned forest in Heilongjiang Province. The utilization potential of biomass energy is large, especially the utilization potential of agricultural crop straws grows rapidly.