川西北高原藏区农村贫困化分异机制探测

DIFFERENTIAL MECHANISM DETECTION OF RURAL POVERTY IN NORTHWESTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU, SICHUAN PROVINCE

关键词:  贫困村地域分异地理探测器主导因素精准扶贫

Key words:  poor village  regional differentiation  Geodetector model  leading factors  targeted poverty reduction

摘要:

［目的］客观揭示农村贫困化地域分异机制，为科学推进川西北高原藏区精准扶贫创新途径、综合战略和认真贯彻落实中央治藏方略提供参考依据。［方法］应用地理探测器模型、GIS空间分析与地统计方法等方法，探测川西北高原藏区贫困村单位面积GDP分异的主导因素，揭示农村贫困化分异机制，提出不同贫困化地域类型的扶贫政策措施。［结果］影响川西北高原藏区农村贫困化分异的主导因素包括到主要交通道路距离、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、土地利用、年均温度和海拔高程等，各因素对贫困村经济发展分异的解释力分别为8076%、1282%、882%、545%和396%； 贫困村经济发展贫困化的分异机制存在明显差异，可归纳为交通区位约束型、自然环境约束型和经济区位约束型等三大类型； 农村贫困化驱动机制下的贫困村精准扶贫政策措施亟需因地制宜、科学推进、讲求实效，有序推进精准扶贫战略。［结论］精准扶贫应分类指导、重点突破，尤其加强贫困村交通、水利、公共基础设施建设和特色农牧业产业培植，注重多种扶贫模式的综合集成。

Abstract:

This research is intended to scientifically reveal the regional differentiation mechanism of rural poverty, so as to provide the reference for promoting the innovative approach to targeted poverty alleviation, comprehensive strategy, and for the implementation of the central government′s strategy to govern Tibet. Using the Geodetector Model, GIS spatial analysis and geostatistics methods, this research diagnosed the dominant factors of differentiation of rural poverty and revealed the dynamic mechanism of rural poverty differentiation, and then put forward the poverty alleviation policies for different poverty regions. The results were showed as follows. First, the dominant factors affecting rural poverty differentiation included the distance to the main road distance, NDVI, land use, annual average temperature, elevation, which PD value of the poverty incidence differentiation were 80.76%,12.82%,8.82%,5.45%, and 3.96%, respectively. Second, there were obvious differences in the differentiation mechanism of poverty village economic development; it could be summarized as the three types, such as the constraint type of traffic area, the constraint type of natural environment and the constraint type of economic zone. Finally, the targeted measures of poverty alleviation in poverty stricken villages under different driving mechanisms were urgently needed for local conditions, scientific advancement, practical effect, and promote the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation in an orderly manner. The accurate measures for poverty alleviation should be guided by classifications and key breakthroughs, especially strengthening the construction of transportation, water conservancy, public infrastructure and the cultivation of characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry industries in poor areas, and paying attention to the comprehensive integration of various poverty alleviation modes.