西北地区小城镇居民生计脆弱性及其影响因子

LIVELIHOOD VULNERABILITY AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF SMALLTOWN RESIDENTS IN NORTHWEST CHINA

关键词:  居民生计脆弱性障碍度模型小城镇居民影响因子

Key words:  residents′ livelihood  vulnerability  obstacle degree model  small town residents  influencing factor

摘要:

［目的］基于脆弱性研究框架，通过对西北地区典型城镇居民生计进行实证研究，以期为提升城镇居民生计水平，促进城镇地区可持续发展提供科学依据。［方法］选取西北地区6个小城镇中708户居民为研究对象，以社会经济统计数据、气象数据、遥感影像数据和社会调查数据为基础，基于可持续生计框架和脆弱性评估框架，运用多指标综合评价和障碍度模型，对2016年西北地区城镇居民生计脆弱性指数进行评估，并对影响居民生计脆弱性的主要影响因素进行识别。［结果］小城镇居民的生计脆弱性指数存在明显的差异性，纯农型居民最高，农业主导型居民次之，继而为非农主导型居民，非农型居民最低。整体上，生计脆弱性越高的居民类型，其暴露—敏感性就会越高而应对能力相对较低。［结论］人均收入对居民生计脆弱性影响程度均处于较高水平，每667m2平均经济产值是限制纯农型和农业主导型居民生计脆弱性降低的主要因素，人均收入和非农就业比重对非农型和非农主导型居民生计脆弱性有较显著的影响。

Abstract:

Based on the vulnerability research framework, this research aims to conduct an empirical study on the livelihood of typical urban residents in Northwest China in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the residents livelihood level and promoting the sustainable development of small town. This research selected 708 township residents from 6 small towns in the northwestern region as the research object. Based on socio economic statistics, meteorological data, remote sensing image data and social survey data, and with the help of sustainable livelihood frameworks and vulnerability assessment frameworks, it assessed the livelihood vulnerability index and the main influencing factors of the livelihood vulnerability of township residents in the northwestern region in 2016 by using multi index comprehensive evaluation and obstacle degree model. There were obvious differences in the livelihood vulnerability index of township residents, the highest was the purely agricultural based residents, the second place was the agricultural dominated residents, the third place was the non agricultural dominated residents and the lowest was the off agricultural residents. The results showed that the type of residents with higher livelihood vulnerability had higher exposure sensitivity and relatively low adaptation. In general, the vulnerability of livelihoods of various types of residents have largely affected the per capita income; the livelihood vulnerability of purely agricultural based residents and agricultural dominated residents is mainly affected by the average economic output value per mu; the livelihood vulnerability of off agricultural residents and non agricultural dominated residents is mainly affected by per capita income and non agricultural employment.