基于专利视角的中国沙产业技术发展现状及限制因素

PATENT ANALYSIS ON DESERTICULTURE TECHNOGIES AND ITS CONSTRAINT FACTORS IN CHINA

关键词:  专利分析沙产业技术限制因素中国

Key words:  patents analysis  deserticulture  technologies  constraint factors  China

摘要:

［目的］基于专利分析，认识中国沙产业技术发展现状及限制因素。［方法］沙产业属于“知识密集型”产业，高技术是沙产业发展的核心和竞争力所在，技术的主要承载载体是专利，因此从专利角度分析沙产业相关技术，既是观察沙产业高技术性的窗口，又可从专利的指标及内容分析中展望今后技术需要突破、沙产业得以更好发展的途径。通过阅读专利摘要内容，采用自下而上的聚类方法将当前中国沙产业专利进行类别划分，并通过内容分析法对专利内容进行解读以认识限制因素。［结果］2 793组简单专利同族划分到第一、二、三产业和综合利用4个大类、8个中类，种植业中类和植物资源加工中类又分别细分了10个和6个小类，根据专利数量认定的四大沙产业技术领域为：沙区药用食用植物资源的种植（6657%）及其产品精深加工（1399%）、各种林机具加工机械及配件（1078%）和建材加工（458%），占总量的9592%，专利领域分布集中。对主要技术领域提取植物、加工制品、机械等的信息进行了详细分析。［结论］中国沙产业技术目前已形成聚焦于沙区丰富特有（植物、沙、风能、光能）资源、充分考虑限制性因子（水分）、重视机械，资源利用涵盖面广、深度高的较完整技术体系。其发展的限制性因素包括：设施农业技术、生物技术和植物精深加工技术。该研究可为全面认识中国沙质沙漠化地区自然资源利用技术现状及今后技术发展方向提供参照。

Abstract:

The research is intended to analyze the present situation and constraint factors of deserticulture technologies in China based on patent analysis. Deserticulture is a "knowledge intensive" industry, and high technology is the core and competitiveness of its development. The main carrier of technology is patent. Therefore, patents analysis of related technologies in deserticulture is not only a window to observe the high technologies of deserticulture, but also the prospect of the future technologies development trends. Constraint factors were extracted from patents′ contents by content analysis, and 2 793 simple patent families were divided into four major categories by reading patent abstracts, namely the first, the second, the third industries and the comprehensive utilization industry, subsequently into eight secondary categories. Planting and plant resources processing in secondary categories continuously were divided into 10 and 6 third categories. According to the number of patents, four main technology fields of deserticulture including planting (66.57%) and plant resources processing (13.99%), machinery and accessories (10.78%) and utilization of sand (4.58%), accounting for 95.92% of the total. As for four main technology fields, patents status in China was analyzed in detail by extracting plants, processing products, machinery and other information. At present, deserticulture technologies in China has formed a relatively complete technical system with wide and deep covering range focusing on rich and unique (plants, sand, wind, light) resources in the sand area, fully considering the restrictive factors (water), and attaching importance to machinery. Restrictive factors includes facility agriculture technologies, biotechnologies and plant intensive processing technologies. This study can provide reference for a comprehensive understanding of the current situation of natural resources utilization technologies in sandy desertification areas and the future development direction.