河南省县域农作物生产空间格局演变及专业化分区研究

SPATIAL EVOLUTION AND SPECIALIZATION DIVISION OF COUNTY CROPS PRODUCTION IN HENAN PROVINE

关键词:  农作物生产空间专业化分区县域河南省

Key words:  crops  production space  specialization division  county scale  Henan province

摘要:

［目的］河南省不同地区的光热水土条件存在较大差异，探索农作物种植的生产潜力最优区域，是新形势下提升河南省农作物产量和保障国家粮食安全战略的新思路。［方法］以县域为研究空间单元，选取河南省11种主要农作物为对象，借助空间经济学重心模型、专业化指数及空间自相关模型，通过地理信息系统（GIS）技术平台，揭示河南省农作物生产空间及专业化演变趋势。［结果］23年来，河南省县域农作物生产集聚及专业化水平持续提升，集聚空间呈“东进北上”演变趋势，其中麻类、烟草的生产集聚及专业化程度较高，谷物最低； 蔬菜的生产集聚及专业化水平在2005年之后持续下降，水果在商丘东部形成了新的优势产区。基于此，将河南省11种农作物划分为绝对优势区、比较优势区、潜力优势区、不具优势区、优势衰退区和快速退出区6种类型生产空间，区域自然禀赋、制度政策、社会发展及农户个体意愿是河南省县域农作物生产空间演化主要驱动因素。［结论］基于农作物生产聚集及专业化水平演变趋势划定生产空间分区，引导农作物生产布局优化，对有效保障粮食安全具有重要意义。

Abstract:

The solar radiation, heat, water and soil conditions in different areas of Henan province are quite different, it is an innovative idea to explore the optimum production potential area of crop cultivation in order to improve the crops yield of Henan province and ensure the national food security strategy under the new situation. Taking county as the research space unit, 11 kinds of main crops in Henan province were selected as the objects. With the help of spatial economics gravity model, specialization index and spatial autocorrelation model, the spatial information system (GIS) technology was used to reveal the evolution trend of crop production space and specialization in Henan province. The results showed that the agglomeration and specialization level of crop production in counties of Henan province had been continuously improved during the past 23 years, and the agglomeration space showed an evolutionary trend of "eastward first and then northward". Among them, hemp and tobacco production concentration and specialization degree was higher, the lowest was grain. The production concentration and specialization level of vegetables continued to decline after 2005, and fruits formed a new advantageous producing area in the east of Shangqiu city. Based on the changes of crops production, 11 kinds of crops in Henan province were divided into six types of production space including absolute advantage zone, comparative advantage zone and potential advantage zone, non advantage zone, advantage recession zone and rapid exit zone. The regional natural endowment, institutional policies, social development and individual farmers were the main driving factors for the county crop production space evolution of Henan province. As a whole, it is of great significance to effectively guarantee food security to delimit production space zones based on the evolution trend of agglomeration of crop production and specialization level and guide the optimization of crop production layout.