不同价格背景下肉鸡产业链主体利益优化研究

STUDY ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF MAIN INTERESTS IN BROILER INDUSTRY CHAIN UNDER DIFFERENT PRICE BACKGROUNDS

关键词:  肉鸡产业链利益分配Shapley值经营模式

Key words:  broiler  industry chain  benefit distribution  Shapley value  business model

摘要:

［目的］为全面分析肉鸡产业链各主体利益分配情况。［方法］文章以肉鸡主产区山东、河南、河北等省为例，对肉鸡出栏价格处于不同变化趋势下的产业链环节主体成本收益情况进行对比分析，并利用Shapley值测算产业链各主体最佳利益分配值。［结果］（1）价格高峰与低谷期肉鸡产业链各环节主体利益分配格局差别较大，研究农产品产业链利益分配时需将农产品价格周期纳入研究范围。（2）各主体合作加强合作可实现利益分配的合理化及增加链条总收益。价格低谷期产业链环节主体种鸡场、养殖户、屠宰加工企业、零售商利益分配值与最佳利益分配比例为1049：（-045）： 4442：4554调整为1396：1851：3133：3620，合作后肉鸡产业链增值比合作前高168元/只。现实利益分配情况与夏普利值测算的最佳分配方案存在一定差距。（3）一体化模式、公司+农户模式下肉鸡产业链各环节由于合同或契约的存在，各主体之间在生产管理、要素供应等方面协作更加紧密，抗市场风险能力相对较强，利益分配格局相对合理。［结论］提出加强肉鸡产业链各环节主体间相互合作、建立公司与农户更加紧密的利益联结机制、做强做大肉鸡行业协会促进肉鸡产业健康发展等建议。

Abstract:

In order to comprehensively analyze the distribution of the main interests of the broiler industry chain, this research took Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other provinces where the main production areas of broiler chickens are located as examples, and made a comparative analysis of the cost and benefit of the main body of the industrial chain under the different trend of broiler prices, then calculated the optimal profit distribution value of the main body of the industrial chain by using the sharpley value method.The results were showed as follows.Firstly, there was a big difference in the distribution pattern of the main interests of the broiler industry chain in the peak and the low price periods, and the agricultural product price cycle should be included in the research scope when studying the profit distribution of the industrial chain of agricultural products.Secondly, enhancing cooperation among the main bodies can rationalize the distribution of interests and increase the total benefits of the chain.Under the low price period, the profit distribution value and the optimal profit distribution value of the main industry chain of chicken breeding farms, raisers, slaughtering and processing enterprises and retailers were 1049（-045）∶4442∶4554 and adjusted to 1396∶1851∶3133∶3620.The value added value of the industrial chain of broiler chicken after cooperation was 168 yuan higher than that before cooperation.There was a certain gap between the actual benefit distribution and the best distribution scheme calculated by Shapley value.Thirdly, due to the existence of contracts or contracts, all links of the chicken industry chain under the integration mode and the mode of "company+peasant household" were more closely coordinated in production management, factor supply and other aspects, with relatively strong anti market risk ability and relatively reasonable distribution pattern of interests.At last, this research puts forward some suggestions, such as strengthening the cooperation between the main body of each link of the broiler industry chain, establishing a closer interest connection mechanism between the company and farmers, and strengthening and enlarging the association of the broiler industry to promote the healthy development of the broiler industry.