古徽州传统村落空间分布格局及保护发展研究

RESEARCH ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANCIENT HUIZHOU TRADITIONAL VILLAGES

关键词:  传统村落空间格局分布特征整体性保护古徽州

Key words:  traditional village  spatial pattern  distribution characteristics  systematic protection  ancient Huizhou

摘要:

［目的］传统村落一直以来是城乡规划学、地理学、建筑学等多学科的重要研究对象，相关研究的对象主要是地域特色明显、类型突出的单个村落，研究结果多为“地方性知识”，缺乏“整体社会知识”的解释，文章分析了古徽州传统村落空间分布特征和影响因素，揭示了区域传统村落的发展现状和问题，并结合区域资源文化特色，提出古徽州传统村落整体性保护的构想。［方法］选取古徽州地区为研究对象，运用ArcGIS102构建了古徽州地区传统村落空间属性数据库，用ArcGIS空间分析方法和地统计方法进行传统村落空间分布特征的定量化研究。［结果］研究发现古徽州地区的传统村落在区域宏观层面基本呈现凝聚分布状态，从县区尺度来看，传统村落的分布较为集中，但集中程度不高，主要集中分布在黟县、歙县和婺源，且各县域之间分布不均衡，在进行核密度估计后，发现黟县、徽州区和歙县的密度较高。［结论］（1）古徽州传统村落分布较为集中； 区域环境、地形地貌、交通以及较为滞后的社会经济，成为传统村落能够保存至今的重要屏障。（2）基于传统村落的发展现状，应当立足于区域徽文化的资源本底，加强区域旅游协作，提升竞争力，运用系统性思维，形成区域整体性保护发展意识。

Abstract:

Traditional villages have always been important research objects in urban and rural planning, geography, architecture and many other disciplines. Related research objects are mainly individual and outstanding villages with obvious geographical features. Most research results are "local knowledge", and lack explanations for "whole social knowledge". This research analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ancient Huizhou traditional villages, reveals the development status and problems of regional traditional villages, and puts forward the conception of the overall protection of the ancient Huizhou traditional villages with regional resources. The ancient Huizhou area was selected as the research object, the spatial database of traditional villages was constructed by ArcGIS10.2, and the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional ones were quantitatively studied by ArcGIS spatial analysis method and geostatistical method. The study found that the traditional villages in the ancient Huizhou area were cohesively distributed at the regional macro level. From the perspective of county scales, the distribution of traditional villages was concentrated, but the concentration was not high, mainly concentrated in Yixian county, Shexian county and Wuyuan county. Moreover, the distribution among the counties was uneven. After kernel density estimation, the density of Yixian county, Huizhou and Shexian county was found to be high. The conclusions of this research are indicated as follows. The ancient Huizhou traditional villages are more concentrated; the regional environment, topography, traffic, and the lagging social economy have become important barriers for traditional villages to be preserved to this day. Based on the current development status of traditional villages, it should be based on the resource background of regional Hui culture, strengthen regional tourism cooperation, enhance competitiveness, and use systematic thinking to build a regional overall protection and development awareness.