夏玉米生长季耕作层地温变化特征分析

VARIATIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF TOPSOIL MEAN GEOTEMPERATURE IN SUMMER MAIZE GROWING SEASON

关键词:  耕作层地温变化趋势突变分析夏玉米生长季

Key words:  topsoil mean geotemperature  variation tendency  analysis of abrupt change  summer maize  growing season

摘要:

［目的］文章研究2007—2016年10年山东德州的耕作层平均地温的变化趋势和近50年来的气候突变情况。［方法］根据2007—2016年山东德州地区10个县、市、区，1967—2016年德州市德城区夏玉米生长季（6—9月）耕作层5cm、10cm、15cm、20cm平均地温，及同期月平均气温资料，采用气候倾向率、累积距平、信噪比等气候诊断方法。［结果］（1）近10年德州地区各县市夏玉米生长季耕作层平均地温、各月平均地温大部分呈上升趋势，临邑、夏津两县各土层均呈下降趋势。各层上升幅度最大值均出现在齐河，为233~280℃/10年。（2）同时段的地温高于气温，地气温差均为正值，5~20cm温差范围分别为11~20℃、10~17℃、08~15℃、06~13℃，各层地气温差最大的是庆云、宁津，最小的是武城。浅层地温与气温的变化存在明显的正相关关系。（3）近50年来，各月平均地温都出现了一次显著的波动。6月份5cm、10cm平均地温在2004年发生了气候突变，7月份10cm平均地温在2005年发生了气候突变，8月份5cm至20cm平均地温在1981年均发生了气候突变。［结论］以上各月浅层地温气候突变前为相对偏冷期，突变后为相对偏暖期。该地区夏玉米生长季期间耕作层地温的上升，有利于夏玉米根系生长和充分吸收深层养分、水分，增加玉米干物质积累，有利于夏玉米提高产量，降低生长季后期其他气象因素带来的不利影响。

Abstract:

This research aims to study the change trend of the average ground temperature of the cultivated layer in Dezhou, Shandong province from 2007 to 2016 and the abrupt change of the climate in the past 50 years. According the average ground temperature of 5cm, 10cm, 15cm and 20cm during summer maize growing season (from June to September) in 10 counties, cities and districts in Dezhou district from 2007 to 2016 and Decheng district in Dezhou city from 1967 to 2016, and the monthly average temperature data in the same period, the climate inclination rate, accumulative anomaly, signal to noise and other climatic statistical methods were used to analyze the changes trend and abrupt changes. The results were showed as follows. (1) The increasing tendency of topsoil and every month mean geotemperature could be seen in the most region, the mean geotemperature had decreased in Linyi and Xiajin county. The increasing tendency of mean geotemperature of each depth layer reaching a maximum in Qihe with a rate of 2.33~2.80℃/10 years.(2) Mean geotemperature was above air temperature at the same time, the temperature difference was the positive number, difference value range was 1.1~2.0℃、1.0~1.7℃、0.8~1.5℃、0.6~1.3℃ in 5 10 15 20 cm mean geotemperature, respectively. And it reached a maximum in Qingyun，Ningjin, and a minimum in Wucheng. Between mean geotemperature and air temperature, there was significant positive correlation. (3)The mean geotemperature of each month had experienced a significant fluctuation in 50 years. 5 cm ,10 cm mean geotemperature changed abrupt in June 2004, 10 cm mean geotemperature changed abrupt in July 2005, 5 20 cm mean geotemperature changed abrupt in August 1981. In the above months, the shallow ground temperature was relatively colder before the mutation , and was relatively warmer after the mutation. During the growing season of summer maize in this area, the rise of topsoil mean geotemperature is conducive to the growth of summer maize roots, the full absorption of deep nutrients and water, the increase of dry matter accumulation, the increase of summer maize yield and the reduction of adverse effects of other meteorological factors in the later growing season.