生猪养殖场户良种技术采纳行为的驱动因素分析*——基于北方三省市的调研数据

DRIVING FACTORS OF PIG FARMS AND HOUSEHOLDS′ ADOPTION OF FINE BREED TECHNOLOGY*——BASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF THREE PROVINCES AND CITIES IN NORTHERN CHINA

关键词:  生猪养殖场户良种繁育体系良种技术采纳驱动因素Heckman Probit选择模型

Key words:  pig farms and households  breed improvement system  fine breed technology adoption  driving factors  Heckman Probit selection model

摘要:

［目的］为提升我国生猪养殖良种化水平以破解资源环境约束，亟需对生猪养殖场户的良种技术采纳行为进行探究。［方法］利用河北、辽宁和北京等北方3省市自繁自养型生猪养殖场户的调研数据，采用Heckman Probit选择模型对养殖场户良种技术采纳行为的驱动因素进行实证研究。［结果］我国北方地区生猪良种繁育体系建设的持续推进有效促进了良种技术扩散，生猪生产效率显著提升； 降低良种技术交易成本、技术使用风险和生猪养殖风险对养殖场户采纳良种技术具有驱动效应，养殖场户家庭禀赋和宏观政策制度环境也是重要影响因素。［结论］(1)通过技术培训、技术示范和信息化建设推广良种技术，提高养殖场户环境控制水平和养殖规模，减轻养殖场户环保压力，优化政策制度环境能显著促进养殖场户采纳良种技术； (2)通过信息化建设推广良种技术，降低良种运输应激风险，提高养殖场户疫病防控水平、受教育程度和养殖规模，普及养殖保险，优化政策制度环境可显著提升养殖场户良种技术采纳程度。

Abstract:

In order to improve the fine breed technology adoption level of pig breeding in China and break the resource and environmental constraints, it is urgent to explore the fine breed technology adoption behavior of pig farms and households. This paper made an empirical study on the driving factors which affected the adoption of fine breed technology by farrow to finish pig farms and households in three northern provinces and cities include Hebei, Liaoning and Beijing by using the Heckman Probit selection model. The results were showed as follows. The construction of pig breed improvement system had promoted the spread of fine breed technology effectively in Northern China, and had caused a significant increase in pig production efficiency. Reducing the transaction cost of fine breed technology, using risk of fine breed technology and pig breeding risk had a driving effect on pig farms and households′ adoption of fine breed technology, and the family endowment characteristics of pig farms and households and macro policy system environment were also important influencing factors. Summarily, extending the fine breed technology through technical training, technical demonstration and information construction, improving the level of environment control and breeding scale, reducing the environmental pressure of pig farms and households, optimizing the policy and institutional environment can promote the pig farms and households′ adoption of fine breed technology significantly. Extending the fine breed technology through information construction, reducing the risk of fine breed transportation stress, improving the level of epidemic disease control，education and breeding scale, popularizing the pig breeding insurance, optimizing the policy and institutional environment can promote the pig farms and households′ adoption level of fine breed technology significantly.