京津冀区域冀北地区“粮改饲”结构调整效益分析

BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT OF "GRAIN CHANGE FEED" IN NORTH OF HEBEI PROVINCE OF BEIJING TIANJIN HEBEI REGION

关键词:  京津冀区域“粮改饲”策略种养结合结构调整经济效益

Key words:  Beijing Tianjin Hebei region  "Grain Change Feed"strategy  planting and raising combining  structural adjustment  economic benefits

摘要:

［目的］政府出台的“粮改饲”结构调整、种养结合和农业供给侧结构性改革是针对种植业与养殖业供给侧结构问题提出的重大决策。［方法］文章在“粮改饲”策略实施的基础上，以养殖业为切入点，根据京津冀冀北张家口市万全区与塞北管理区的实地调研数据，实证分析“粮改饲”策略实施前后的效益，［结果］按照种植饲草饲料的规模计算，奶牛养殖主体实施“粮改饲”后比“粮改饲”前节省成本910元/667m2，按照奶牛消耗青贮玉米量计算，养殖企业可以节省成本1 820元/(头·年）； 而养殖规模较大经营主体的效益明显高于规模较小经营主体的效益，［结论］得出实施“粮改饲”降低了养殖业成本，提高了养殖业规模效益的结论，并提出对策建议：从农牧业供给侧入手，引导耕地流转，扩大种养业结合经营规模； 从农牧业产业各环节切入，延长产业链条，融合发展“产加销”； 依据区域资源特征，创新粮草轮作模式； 依据饲料饲草种植主体规模进行“粮改饲”补贴。

Abstract:

The"Grain Change Feed"structural adjustment strategy, planting and raising combining policies and agricultural supply side structural adjustment strategy are introduced by government. And those policies are major decisions for the supply side structure development of crop farming and animal husbandry industries. This paper was based on the implementation of"Grain Change Feed"structural adjustment strategy and used animal husbandry industries as a starting point. Then, according to the field survey data of Wanquan District of Zhangjiakou city and Saibei Management District of Zhangjiakou city in North of Hebei province of Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, it empirically analyzed the benefit comparison of before and after the implementation of the strategy of "Grain Change Feed"structural adjustment strategy. The results were showed as follows. According to the scale of planting forage feed, after the implementation of "Grain Change Feed" structural adjustment strategy, the main body of dairy farming industries could save costs 910 yuan/667m2 than before. According to the amount of cows consumed corn silage, after the implementation of "Grain Change Feed" structural adjustment strategy, aquaculture enterprises could save costs 1 820 yuan/head every year than before. The income of the large scale business entity efficiency was obvious higher than the income of the smaller scale business after the implementation of "Grain Change Feed" structural adjustment strategy. In summary, the implementation of "Grain Change Feed" structural adjustment strategy can reduce the cost of aquaculture, and the strategy also can raise the scale of aquaculture efficiency. It put forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as, starting from the supply side structure of crop farming and animal husbandry industries, guiding people to circulate the arable land, and expanding the operation scale of combined planting and raising industry; cutting each link from the crop farming and animal husbandry industries, extending the agricultural and animal husbandry industrial chain, and making "produce and process and sale" merge development. Meanwhile, based on the characteristics of regional resources and environment, it should innovate the mode, which is the rotation of food and grass, confirm the subsidies of implement "Grain Change Feed" structural adjustment strategy that based on the different scale of the main body of forage feed cultivation.