多视角县级空间开发适宜性评价方法对比研究

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON APPROPRIATENESS EVALUATION METHODS OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT AT COUNTY LEVEL IN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES

关键词:  空间开发适宜性评价多视角县级蒲江

Key words:  space development  suitability evaluation  different perspectives  county  Pujiang

摘要:

［目的］随着市县经济社会发展总体规划的改革创新，越发强调主体功能区制度的完善、强化政府空间管控的能力。空间开发适宜性是合理划分国土空间、优化开发布局的重要基础。［方法］研究通过选取了地形地势、交通干线、人口聚集度、经济发展4项适宜性指标和自然灾害影响、可利用土地资源、可利用水资源、生态系统脆弱性4项约束性指标，建立空间开发适宜性评价指标体系，分别从格网与行政区两种视角出发，开展蒲江县级空间开发适宜性评价，采用点对点匹配度分析对两种评价结果进行综合对比分析。［结果］从总体看，蒲江县最适宜区域占比约为4%，较适宜区域占比约为14%，较不适宜区域占比约为15%，最不适宜区域占比约为67%。行政区视角下，各类开发适宜性等级区域差异明显，但街道、乡（镇）行政区内部具有均质性。具体来说，各类开发适宜性等级区有按行政区集聚的趋势，并且其集聚趋势与多指标评价结果关系密切。空间视角下，各类开发适宜性等级跨行政区，街道、乡（镇）行政区内部具有异质性。一方面，各类开发适宜性等级不受行政区影响，局部精准性更高。另一方面，形成跨行政区的开发时序判读，并且这种开发时序多呈现“中心—外围”结构，便于具体指导区域分步开发。［结论］格网尺度可以更精细地反映县级开发适宜性和开发约束性在空间上的差异化分布，提高城镇、农业、生态3类空间范围划定精准性，为合理确定资源开发强度、促进国土空间科学适度有序布局提供技术保障。

Abstract:

With the reform and innovation of master planning of urban social economic development, emphasis has been placed on the improvement of the main functional areas system and the strengthening of the government′s ability to control space. The suitability of space development is an important basis for rational division of land space and optimization of development layout. Firstly, we selected four suitability indicators, namely topographical terrain, traffic trunks, population concentration and economic development and four constraint indicators, namely natural disasters, available land resource, available water resource and ecosystem vulnerability to establish the system of spatial development suitability evaluation. Secondly, we carried out the suitability evaluation of space development in Pujiang county from two perspectives of grid and administrative district. Finally, we used the point to point matching degree analysis to comprehensively compare the two evaluation results. The results indicated that the most suitable area in Pujiang county was about 4%, the proportion of suitable areas was about 14%, the proportion of unsuitable areas was about 15%, and the most unsuitable area was about 67%. From the perspective of the administrative district, there were obvious differences in the types of development suitability levels, but the streets and township (town) administrative districts were homogeneous. Specifically, various types of development suitability level areas had a tendency to gather according to administrative districts, and their agglomeration trends were closely related to multi index evaluation results. From the perspective of space, various types of development suitability levels were across administrative regions, and the streets and township (town) administrative regions were heterogeneous. On the one hand, the level of development suitability of various types was not affected by the administrative area, and the local accuracy was higher. On the other hand, the development timing interpretation was formed across administrative regions, and this development timing presented a "central peripheral" structure, which facilitated step by step development of specific guidance areas. In summary, the grid scale can reflect the spatially differentiated distribution of county level development suitability and developmental constraints in a more detailed way, and improve the accuracy of spatial classification of urban, agricultural and ecological categories, which provides technical support for rationally determining the intensity of resource development and promoting the moderate and orderly layout of the national land space science.