陕南移民搬迁后续精准扶贫路径选择研究

STUDY ON THE PATH SELECTION OF ACCURATE POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN SOUTHERN SHAANXI FOR IMMIGRANTS RELOCATION

关键词:  陕南移民搬迁精准扶贫PSR模型层次分析法路径选择

Key words:  South Shaanxi  migration relocation  precision poverty alleviation  PSR model  AHP method  path selection

摘要:

［目的］贫困户对精准扶贫路径高质量选择和实施是走好精准扶贫“最后一公里”的重要内容，是确保到2020年陕南移民搬迁工程顺利竣工、我国农村人口全面脱贫的关键因素，更是移民农户实现长效发展致富的充分保证。［方法］文章基于对陕南6个移民安置点的248户搬迁农民的实地调研数据，运用压力—状态—响应（PSR）模型和层次分析法（AHP）构建陕南移民搬迁后续精准扶贫路径选择评价体系并进行实证分析。［结果］陕南移民搬迁后续精准扶贫路径选择仅处于中等水平。精准识贫机制压力因素、精准扶贫行为主体响应因素严重制约着移民贫困户精准扶贫路径选择； 移民户自我发展内生动力不足直接决定着精准扶贫路径实施效果。［结论］应全面系统地从强化移民户自主脱贫意识、细化精准扶贫的幅度和层次、优化产业扶贫结构、提升精准扶贫要素耦合度等方面进行精准扶贫路径设计和选择，才能整合精准扶贫资源、提高精准扶贫绩效、提升陕南移民贫困户自我发展能力。

Abstract:

It is an important part of the "last kilometer" of the targeted poverty alleviation to high quality selection and implementation of the precision poverty alleviation route by poor households. It is also the key factor to ensure the successful completion of the migration project in southern Shaanxi by 2020 and the comprehensive poverty alleviation of the rural population in China, especially it is also a sufficient guarantee for immigrant farmers to achieve long term development and become richer. Based on the field research data of 248 relocated farmers of six resettlement areas in southern Shaanxi, this paper constructed an evaluation system of about the precision poverty alleviation path selection for the relocation of migrants in southern Shaanxi and carry out practical application analysis, and the evaluation system was consist of the pressure status response (PSR) model and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). After a series of professional and complex analysis and research, the results showed it was only at the intermediate level that the choice of the targeted poverty alleviation route for the relocation of immigrants in southern Shaanxi province. It had some reasons causing this results, the most important of which was that precise mechanism for identifying poor households of the stress factors, and the response factors of the targeted poverty alleviation behavior, both of these two factors severely restricted the choice of the targeted poverty alleviation path of the immigrant poor households. Also, the lack of internal motivation for the self development of immigrant households directly determined the implementation effect of the precise poverty alleviation path. Therefore, it is necessary for us to design and select comprehensively and systematically a path and a method and carry out carefully route about precision poverty alleviation. So there are a series of countermeasures to approach to poverty alleviation, we should fully and systematically strengthen the self initiate idea of poverty alleviation among immigrant households, and refine clearly the scale and level of targeted poverty alleviation, and gradually optimize the structure of industrial of poverty alleviation, and try our best to improve the coupling of the elements of targeted poverty alleviation one another. Through all of these methods and measures, we should integrate all kinds of the resources of targeted poverty alleviation, and improve continually the performance of targeted poverty alleviation, especially economic and social effects, and achieve to enhance the self development ability of poor migrant households in southern Shaanxi in the future.