中国可持续农业发展模式的区域比较和启示

REGIONAL COMPARISON AND INSPIRATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL IN CHINA

关键词:  农业可持续发展分区比较发展模式生态循环经营主体

Key words:  sustainable development of agriculture  regional comparison  development model  ecological circulation  operating actors

摘要:

［目的］改革开放40年来，中国农业农村发展取得了巨大成就，同时也付出了沉重的资源环境代价，加快促进农业可持续发展刻不容缓。近年来各地区开展了一些农业可持续发展的实践探索，取得了一定成效，分区分类总结这些模式并提炼模式特征，可以更好地促进我国可持续农业的发展。［方法］文章首先根据可持续发展的内涵要求，梳理全国6个可持续农业发展区域的自然资源禀赋、农业生产现状及存在问题，总结各区共18项常见的典型农业可持续发展模式及特征。进一步分析各区可持续农业模式形成因素及发展方向，提炼各区的代表模式。［结果］比较和总结各区模式发展的区别因素，将模式总体分为效益导向和主体导向两个方向，其中，地域气候和经济条件的差异，决定了效益导向； 模式经营分工决定了主体导向。［结论］从生态保护、经济高效、内部循环、多方联合等4个方向提供了可持续农业模式选择建议，以期为农业可持续发展提供参考。

Abstract:

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, Chinese agricultural and rural development has made great achievements. However, immense costs were also imposed on the environment and natural resources. In recent years, various regions have carried out some practical explorations on the sustainable development of agriculture which has achieved certain results. Classifying and summarizing these models and refining the characteristics of these models can better promote the development of sustainable agriculture in China. In this paper, natural resource endowment, current situation and existing problems of agricultural production had been analyzed in six sustainable agricultural development regions in China. We summarized 18 typical models for sustainable development of agriculture. Analyses on the forming factors and development direction of sustainable agricultural model had been conducted in each district. At last we concluded the representative model of each district. In order to provide reference for the sustainable development of agriculture, we give suggestions on the selection of sustainable agricultural model from the four dimensions, namely ecological protection, economic efficiency, internal circulation and multi party combination.