区域景观格局视角的绿地生态网络优化研究*——以徐州为例

RESEARCH ON OPTIMIZATION OF GREEN SPACE ECOLOGICAL NETWORK BASED ON REGIONAL LANDSCAPE PATTERNS*——A CASE STUDY OF XUZHOU CITY IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

关键词:  生态网络优化生态功能完整性与连通性景观格局城乡区域视角

Key words:  ecological network optimization  ecosystem functions  integrity and connectivity  landscape patterns  perspective of urban and rural areas

摘要:

［目的］基于景观格局演变的区域绿地生态网络与生态功能优化研究是景观生态学研究的热点领域之一。［方法］文章以徐州示范为例，在城市研究区景观格局演变及其异质性研究分析基础上，探索城市规划区城乡绿地景观格局的优化路径； 运用经济学与生态学原理，按“山水林田湖草”一体化理念，以区域生态系统服务优化及人与自然和谐发展为前提，从市域与城市规划区视角，合理配置城乡绿地生态网络景观组分，进而优化区域绿地生态网络。［结果］研究得出2005—2015年研究范围城市化造成大量耕地消失，城市建设用地快速增加，随着生态园林建设的快速推进，林地面积占比大幅度增加； 地表覆被变化直接表现为景观格局的快速破碎化和景观多样性的下降，景观类型的丰富度和复杂度急需提高，景观多样性指数、景观均匀度指数也均呈现较为明显的下降趋势。同时，重点提出了强化景观格局与过程的完整性与连通性，挖掘潜在生态功能等的区域绿地生态网络一系列优化方案。［结论］文章为研究区及延伸的城乡区域绿地生态网络构建和生态系统服务优化提供了科学的依据、方法与途径。

Abstract:

The study on optimization of regional green space ecological network and ecological functions is one of the hotspots in landscape ecology research. On the base of analyzing Xuzhou landscape pattern evolution and heterogeneity, this paper explored optimization routes of urban bulit up area green space landscape pattern in urban and rural areas. By applying economic & ecological principles, with the integration of mountain, forest, farmland, lake and grass concepts, took the optimization of regional ecosystem services and harmonious development between human and nature for the premise, this paper rational allocated green space ecological network landscape components, and optimized regional green space ecological network from the perspective of urban bulit up area and urban planning areas. The results indicated that, from 2005 to 2015 in scope of the research, arable land decreased greatly and urban construction land increased rapidly. With the rapid development of eco garden city construction, the proportion of industrial forest area increased greatly. Land cover change was directly reflected in rapid fragmentation of landscape patterns and decline of landscape diversity. The richness and complexity of landscape types needed to be sharply improved, landscape diversity index and landscape homogeneity degree also showed a relatively obviously decline trend. At last, this paper focused on some optimization programs of regional green space ecological network, such as enhancing the integrity and connectivity of landscape pattern & process, and exploring potential ecological functions, etc. The results provide scientific basis, methods, and ways for establishing of green space landscape eco network and optimization of ecosystem service in urban and rural areas.