江西省水稻绿色生产的问题与对策研究

RESEARCH ON GREEN DEVELOPMENT OF RICE IN JIANGXI PROVINCE

关键词:  长江经济带水稻绿色发展江西省对策建议

Key words:  Yangtze River Economic Belt  rice  green development  Jiangxi province  countermeasures and suggestions

摘要:

［目的］水稻生产是我国长江经济带“生态优先、绿色发展”的重要一环。江西省是我国长江经济带的黄金水稻种植区，其水稻生产具有起源早、历史久，产量高、贡献大，条件优、潜力大等优势特征。［方法］文章以江西省为例，以点带面，通过实地调研和文献资料收集，从水稻种植、效益、品牌、资源、水利、施肥、病虫害、机械化等方面系统分析了江西省水稻生产的状况和面临的问题，并从“绿色发展”的角度提出要构建水稻生产绿色发展体系。［结果］大力推广作物轮作，建立稻田绿色种植制度； 控制稻田土壤酸化，修复土壤重金属污染； 加快绿色抗性品种培育，提高品种国际竞争力； 加快“三品一标”认证，推进绿色品牌建设； 加快“一控两减”步伐，促进秸秆综合利用； 农业机械绿色低碳化，控制机械化成本。［结论］要努力构建水稻生产绿色发展体系，实现长江经济带水稻绿色发展。

Abstract:

Rice industry plays an important role in "ecological priority and green development" in Yangtze River Economic Belt of China. Jiangxi province is one of the most suitable areas for rice cultivation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Rice production in Jiangxi province has many advantages, including long history, high yield, and significant economic contribution. Taking Jiangxi province as an example, according to field investigation and literature collection, the status and problems were analyzed from the aspects of the rice planting, efficiency, brand, resources, water conservancy, fertilization, plant diseases and insect pests, mechanization. Then, from the perspective of "green development", the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of rice were put forward. We should vigorously promote crop rotation and optimize the green cropping system, control soil acidification and remedy heavy metal contaminated soils; speed up the cultivation of green resistant varieties and improve the international competitiveness of varieties; accelerate the certification of "three products and one standard" and promote the construction of green brands; accelerate the pace of "one control, two losses" and promote the comprehensive utilization of straw, realize green and low carbon agricultural machinery to control the cost of mechanization. In summary, we must strive to build a green development system for rice production and achieve green rice development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.