湖南省乡村聚落景观空间分布特征及评价研究

SDUDY ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND EVALUATION OF RURAL SETTLEMENT LANDSCAPE IN HUNAN PROVINCE

关键词:  湖南省乡村聚落空间分布特征评价

Key words:  Hunan province  Rural settlement  Space distribution  Characteristic  Evaluation research

摘要:

［目的］通过研究湖南省乡村聚落景观的空间分布特征，并对其进行综合评价，旨在为基于乡村聚落景观的湖南省乡村旅游发展提供合理的参考建议。［方法］运用GIS102软件对湖南省历史文化名村名镇和特色旅游名村等147处乡村聚落景观的空间分布情况进行研究，通过计算最临近点指数、地理集中指数和地理联系率分析其空间分布特征。以生态环境、景观价值、社会效应和开发条件组成评价层，下分16个具体指标，对湖南省乡村聚落景观进行综合评价研究。［结果］计算得出湖南省历史文化名镇名村R=08125，G＞G1，说明其在各地级市的分布呈现集聚且不均衡的特点； 特色旅游名村R=1126，G＜G1，其整体上趋于均匀且分散分布的特点； 计算地理联系率得出V1和 V2的值分别为98975和99358，反映湖南省乡村聚落景观的分布与经济规模在空间上的均衡、配合程度较高。［结论］湖南省基于乡村聚落景观的乡村旅游发展逐渐转变为经济与生态环境相协调的可持续发展——以生态环境为出发点，积极发掘景观价值，并产生一定的社会效应，从而带动乡村旅游的良性发展。

Abstract:

By studying the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlement landscape in Hunan province and evaluating it comprehensively, this paper aims to provide reasonable reference for the development of rural tourism in Hunan province. By using GIS10.2 software, the spatial distribution of 147 rural settlements in Hunan province, such as historic and cultural famous villages, towns and characteristic villages with special tourism, was studied. The nearest point index, geographical concentration index and geographical connection rate were calculated to analyze the spatial distribution. The evaluation layer was composed of ecological environment, landscape value, social effect and development conditions, and it was divided into 16 concrete indexes to study the comprehensive evaluation of rural settlement landscape in Hunan province. The result showed that the distribution of the famous village in Hunan province was concentrated and uneven in each city, and the characteristic villages tended to be even and distributed as a whole. In the whole, the distribution of rural settlement landscape and the spatial balance of economic scale in Hunan province had a high degree of coordination. The development of rural tourism based on rural settlement landscape in Hunan province has gradually changed into a sustainable development coordinated by economy and ecological environment，we should take the ecological environment as the starting point, actively excavate the landscape value and produce certain social effects, so as to promote the healthy development of rural tourism.