资源环境承载力研究现状与辨析

THE RESEARCH STATUS AND ANALYSIS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE CAPACITY

关键词:  资源环境承载力研究现状概念辨析主要问题人地关系理论

Key words:  the environmental and resource capacity  the research status  distinction of definitions  main problems  human land relationship

摘要:

［目的］资源环境承载力是地理学近年来研究的热点领域之一，成为指导空间发展的重要依据。为科学评价资源环境承载力内涵，促进合理使用，开展了此项研究。［方法］文章利用citespace软件对2000年以来CNKI中文核心数据库中的有关承载力方面的文献进行梳理，在此基础上就承载力定义、承载支撑系统、承载压力系统、两者作用关系及结果运用5个方面进行了分析，明确了研究现状和存在的问题。［结果］近15来，生态承载力和水资源承载力是资源环境承载力研究的两个最主要领域，生态足迹是使用频次最多的研究方法，可持续发展是开展研究的主要服务目标。承载力主要由承载支撑力、承载压力、作用关系和弹性结果4个要素构成，承载支撑力具有客观性、结构性的特点，承载压力具有能动性、相对性的特点，作用关系受主客体作用机理约束，承载力大小受社会价值观影响，是一个弹性结果。承载力研究存在研究对象泛化、研究尺度随意化、研究内容孤立化、结果评价主观化等问题。［结论］建议以人地关系思想来指导承载力研究，以人地关系地域系统为研究尺度，统筹考虑人地关系中的“地”的客观性和“人”的能动性，恰当使用评价结果。

Abstract:

The environmental and resource capacity is one of the hot geography research fields in recent years and becomes an important basis in the space development. This paper aims to evaluate the connotation of the environmental and resource capacity scientifically and promote rational use. The citespace software was used to sort out the documents and data about the bearing capacity in CNKI Chinese Core Database since 2000. On this basis, this paper analyzed five aspects on the definition of bearing capacity, bearing support system, bearing pressure system, the relation between the two and the application of the results to clarify the research status and problems. In the past 15 years, ecological carrying capacity and water resources carrying capacity were the two most important areas in the study of the environmental and resource capacity. The ecological footprint was the most frequently used research method. And sustainable development was the main service goal of this field. The bearing capacity was mainly composed of four elements: bearing support force, bearing pressure, action relation and elastic result. The bearing support had the characteristics of objectivity and structurality. The bearing pressure had the characteristics of activity and relativity. The action relation was constrained by the action mechanism of subject and object. The bearing capacity was influenced by social values and it was an elastic result. There were such problems as generalization of research objects, randomization of research scale, isolation of research contents and subjective evaluation of results in the bearing capacity research. It is suggested that the study on the bearing capacity should be guided by the thought of human land relationship and the regional system of human land relationship should be taken as the research criterion. The objectivity of "land" and the initiative of "people" should be considered as a whole and the evaluation results should be properly used.