不同经营规模农户地力提升关键技术行为及影响因素研究*——基于辽宁省不同玉米主产区的调查

STUDY ON KEY TECHNICAL BEHAVIORS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF FARMERS′ LAND USE IMPROVEMENT UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SCALES INVESTIGATION*——BASED ON DIFFERENT MAJOR MAIZE PRODUCING AREAS IN LIAONING PROVINCE

关键词:  经营规模有序Logit 模型地力提升关键技术技术采用行为辽宁省玉米主产区

Key words:  scale of operation  ordered Logit model  key technology of soil fertility promotion  technology adoption behavior  the major maize producing areas in Liaoning province

摘要:

［目的］以辽宁省玉米主产区为研究区域，系统研究不同经营规模农户对地力提升关键技术应用行为差异及主要影响因素，为提高农户地力提升关键技术应用水平和优化支持政策提出科学依据及对策建议。［方法］基于2016年、2017年347个农户的实地调查样本数据，选择农户经营规模、农户家庭与个体特征、农业生产、区域虚拟变量等因素，构建有序 Logit模型，分析不同区域、不同经营规模农户地力提升关键技术行为的影响因素。［结果］影响农户地力提升关键技术采纳的主要因素包括农户经营规模、户主年龄、接受培训情况、土地细碎化程度、土壤肥力认知状况等，结果表明：一是农户经营规模对地力提升关键技术采纳影响呈正向关系，而加入区域虚拟变量后影响不显著； 二是农户户主年龄、农户接受相关培训次数对地力提升关键技术采纳分别有显著的负向和正向影响，而且在加入区域虚拟变量后影响依然显著； 三是土地细碎化程度对地力提升关键技术采纳影响呈正向显著关系，加入区域虚拟变量后影响不显著； 四是农户对土壤认知程度对地力提升关键技术采纳影响不显著，但加入区域域虚拟变量后，影响呈负向显著关系。［结论］农户地力提升关键技术行为受到经营规模及其他因素影响，改善农户地力提升技术选择行为应该因地制宜结合区域特征，采取加大政府政策引导如合理的相关技术培训、采取更加合适的补贴形式，增强农户对土壤、化肥的科学认知，鼓励农户进行适度规模经营。

Abstract:

Taking the main maize production area of Liaoning province as the research region, this paper systematically studies the technology adoption behavior differences and its influencing factors of farmers with differences management scales on the key technology of soil fertility promotion. The goal of this paper is to find scientific evidences and suggestions for improving farmers′ adoption level of soil fertility promotion technology and optimizing the agricultural support policies. This study analyzed the behaviors and their influencing factors of farmers with different scales and in different regions on the key technology of soil fertility promotion by using the ordered Logit model and 347 farmers sample date surveyed in 2016 and 2017. The main variables of the influencing factors included farmers′ management scale, farmers′ family and individual characteristics, agricultural production characteristics and dummy variables of region. The study found the main factors influenced the farmers′ soil fertilizer promotion technology adoption were such variables as farmers′ operation scales, age, technological training, the degree of land fragmentation, cognizing of soil fertility. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, management scale had a positive impact on farmer′s soil fertilizer promotion technology adoption, but the impact was no significant when adding the regional dummy variables. Secondly, farmer′s age and times of technology training respectively had a negative and a positive relationship with the technology adoption as well as the significant to be maintained under the regress with the dummy variables. Thirdly, the degree of land fragmentation had a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of key promotion technologies of soil fertility. But the impact became no significant after the addition of regional dummy variables. Finally, the impact of farmers′ cognition of soil fertility on the technology adoption was not significant and the significant negative relationship appeared when the region dummy variables put into the model. The conclusions of the paper points out that farmers′ technology behavior on soil fertilizer promotion is affected by their management scale and other factors and the measures of improving farmers′ technology adoption behavior must rely on local conditions and characteristics. The guidance and support policy should be strengthened, including providing proper technical training and the form of subsides, enhancing farmers′ cognition on the scientific knowledge of soil and fertilizer and encouraging farmer to expand operation scale.