基于市域尺度的东北地区农地集约利用研究

STUDY ON THE INTENSIVE USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN NORTHEAST CHINA BASED ON CITY SCALE

关键词:  农用地集约利用时空格局驱动力东北地区

Key words:  farmland  insensitive utility  temporal spatial distribution  driving force  Northeast area

摘要:

［目的］农地集约利用是提高农地利用效率、缓解人地供求矛盾，实现农业可持续发展的重要保障。研究农地集约利用时空演变及驱动力，有利于提高东北地区农地集约利用水平，提高农地利用效率，实现该地区农业可持续发展。［方法］文章在构建农地集约利用评价体系的基础上，利用GIS102空间分析软件对2001—2016年东北地区下辖40个市市农地集约利用水平作时空格局演变分析。并采用SPSS220软件利用主成分分析法研究其农地集约利用驱动力。［结果］黑龙江省集约利用水平最高的为佳木斯市，最低的为伊春市； 吉林省集约利用水平最高为白城市，最低为延边市； 辽宁省集约利用水平最高为盘锦市，最低为葫芦岛市； 内蒙古集约利用水平最高为通辽市，最低为赤峰市。农地集约利用度在空间上由不均匀分布趋向于均匀分布。［结论］（1）2001—2016年东北地区农地集约利用水平总体较低，除长春、松原、白城、盘锦、通辽、沈阳等几个市利用集约度为中度水平外，其余各市均处于粗放利用阶段； （2）东北地区集约度在空间格局上呈现出以“通辽—松原—长春—沈阳—四平”较高利用区为核心，且沿通辽和沈阳至佳木斯沿线，构成了显著的东北地区农地集约利用高值区的集聚化特征，农地集约利用低值区分布于该沿线两侧； （3）东北地区农地集约利用驱动力总体上可归纳为农地环境驱动、农地科技资金要素投入驱动、农业经济发展驱动。综上，土地集约利用是一个区域农业发展与农地利用结构相融合的复杂系统，下一步宜对各驱动因子影响的过程和作用机理进行研究，明确农地集约利用驱动机制。

Abstract:

Intensive use of agricultural land is an important guarantee for improving the efficiency of using agricultural land，alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand for human，and realizing sustainable agricultural development.The research on temporal spatial distribution and driving forces of the intensive utility of farmland increase the farmland utilization level and efficiency in the Northeast China，so as to achieve sustainable agricultural development in this region.Based on the evaluation system of constructing intensive utility of farmland，and this research used GIS 102 spatial analysis software to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern evolution of intensive utility of farmland in 40 cities under the jurisdiction of Northeast China from 2001 to 2016，and then it used SPSS220 software to study the driving force of its intensive use of farmland by using principal component analysis.The city with the highest level of intensive utility of farmland in Heilongjiang province was Jiamusi，whereas the one with the lowest level was Yichun； the city with the highest level of intensive utility of farmland in Jilin province is Baicheng，whereas the one with the lowest level was Yanbian； The city with the highest level of intensive utility of farmland in Liaoning province was Panjin，whereas the one with the lowest level was Huludao； The city with the highest level of intensive utility of farmland in Inner Mongolia was Tongliao，whereas the one with the lowest level was Chifeng.The intensive utilization of farmland tended to be unevenly distributed from space to even distribution.In summary，（1）From 2001 to 2016，the level of the intensive utility of farmland in Northeast China is generally low.Except for Changchun，Songyuan，Baicheng，Panjin，Tongliao，and Shenyang，which have moderate utilization levels，the remaining cities are in the stage of extensive utilization.（2）The temporal spatial distribution of farmland intensive utility in Northeast China is centered on the“Tongliao Songyuan Changchun Shenyang Siping”higher utilization area，and along the Tongliao and Shenyang Jiamusi lines，it constitutes a significant high value of intensive utility of farmland in the Northeast.The agglomeration characteristics of the area，the intensive utility of farmland is distributed on both sides of the line； （3）The driving forces for the intensive utility of farmland in Northeast China can be summarized as driving the agricultural land environment，driving the investment of agricultural land science and technology funds，and driving the development of agricultural economy.In summary，land intensive use is a complex system that integrates regional agricultural development and agricultural land use structure.The next step is to study the process and mechanism of the impact of each driving factor to clarify the driving mechanism of intensive utility of farmland.