中国农业生态价值测算及时空聚类特征

MEASUREMENT AND SPATIAL TEMPORAL CLUSTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGICAL VALUE IN CHINA

关键词:  中国农业生态价值生态价值当量农业经济价值时空聚类

Key words:  China  agroecological value  ecological value equivalent  agricultural economic value  time and spatial clustering

摘要:

［目的］生态价值是农业重要的功能之一，随着环境污染等问题的发生，测算农业的生态价值逐渐成为农业领域研究的热点。［方法］文章以中国农业生态系统为研究对象，采用生态系统服务价值当量因子法，测算了2005年、2010年和2015年中国31个省级区域（因数据限制，未计算中国香港、澳门和台湾地区）的农业生态价值，并在此基础之上探讨了中国农业现实生态价值的时空聚类格局。［结果］（1）2005年、2010年和2015年中国农业生态价值一直处于增长的趋势，但2005—2010年的增长速度大于2010—2015年的增长速度。（2）2015年中国的农业经济价值占当年GDP的888%； 中国农业生态价值的现实值为6816万亿元，是当年农业经济价值的112倍。（3）农业理论生态价值整体呈现增长趋势，一直位于第一位的内蒙古在3年中占31个省份农业理论生态价值的比例稍有减少，位于最后一位的上海在3年中所占的比例略有增加。（4）对31个省份的农业现实生态价值空间集聚分析可以看出， Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类的省份一直保持不变， 2010—2015年的Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类的省份在发生变化， Ⅲ类减少的两个全部转化为Ⅳ类，且2005—2015年的经济发展较好的Ⅳ类地区均值增长率最高。［结论］中国农业的生态价值巨大，农业生产为中国经济发展的生态贡献，远远大于农产品的生产价值； 内蒙古地区由于其独特的资源禀赋和农业用地各类型的面积大小使得其农业生态价值量一直位于第一位； 经济发展较好的Ⅳ类地区对农业生态价值的关注度较高； 政府应加大对农业用地的保护力度并积极调整各农业用地类型的比例使得农业生态价值发挥最大作用。

Abstract:

Ecological value is one of the important functions of agriculture. With the occurrence of environmental pollution and other problems, measuring the ecological value of agriculture has gradually become a hotspot in agriculture research. Taking the Chinese agricultural ecosystem as the research object and using the equivalent value factor method of ecosystem services, this paper calculated the ecological value of agriculture of 31 province level regions in China.( Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan were not calculated due to data constraints.) Based on this, the spatial and temporal clustering pattern of the actual agroecological value of Chinese was discussed. The results showed that: (1) China′s agroecological value had been increasing in 2005, 2010 and 2015, but the growth rate from 2005 to 2010 was greater than that the growth rate from 2010 to 2015. (2) In 2015, China′s agricultural economic value accounted for 8.88 % of the GDP of that year; the actual value of the China′s agroecological was 68.16 trillion yuan, which was 11.2 times the agricultural economy value of that year. (3) The overall theoretical ecological value of agricultural showed an increasing trend. Inner Mongolia, which had always been in the first place, had accounted for a smaller proportion of the theoretical ecological value of agricultural in 31 provinces in 2005, 2010 and 2015, respectively. Shanghai, which was in the last place, had slightly increased in the three years. (4) An analysis of the spatial accumulation of the actual agroecological values in 31 provinces showed that the provinces of categories I and II had remained unchanged, and that the provinces of categories III and IV had changed from 2010 to 2015. The two reductions in category III were all converted to category IV, and the category IV regions with better economic development had the highest average growth rates from 2005 to 2015. The ecological value of Chinese agriculture is huge, and the ecological contribution of agricultural production to China′s economic development is far greater than the production value of agricultural products. Because of its unique resource endowment and the size of various types of agricultural land, Inner Mongolia′s agroecological value has always been in the first place. Areas in category Ⅳ with better economic development have payed higher attention to agroecological value. The government should enhance the protection of agricultural land and proactively adjust the proportion of various types of agricultural land to make the agroecological value play its biggest role.