基于HLM模型的城郊型村庄农户收入差异影响因素研究*——以大西安地区1 441户农户为例

RESEARCH ON INFLUENCING FACTORS OF FARMERS′ INCOME DIFFERENCE IN SUBURBAN VILLAGES BASED ON HLM MODEL*——THE CASE STUDY OF 1 441 HOUSEHOLDS IN THE GREATER XI′AN AREA

关键词:  大西安地区城郊地带农户收入差异多层线性模型影响因素

Key words:  Greater Xi′an area  suburban area  farmer income difference  hierarchical linear model  influencing factor

摘要:

［目的］从农户和村庄两个层面剖析农户收入差异的影响因素和形成机制，对促进农户增收和推动村庄全面发展具有重要意义。［方法］基于多层线性模型的原理和方法，以大西安地区城郊地带1 441户农户调研数据为基础，从农户和村庄两个层次对农户收入差异的影响因素及形成机制进行了实证分析。［结果］（1）农户和村庄对农户收入差异的解释程度分别为7989%和2011%，表明农户收入差异的影响因素具有明显的层级特征。（2）在农户层次，农户生计资本和生产经营结构各因子对农户收入具有不同的作用方向和作用强度，非农收入占比（0638）、务工人数占比（0433）、劳动力数量（0388）和种植结构（0333）等8个因子对收入具有正向作用，家庭劳动力负担系数（-0336）和土地经营规模平方（-0000 1）起负向作用。（3）在村庄层次，村庄的产业类型、区位条件和土地流转等对农户收入产生直接影响，诸多因子又通过影响农户层面变量的收入回报率对收入起间接调整作用。［结论］农户收入差异问题作用途径复杂，对于农户增收，应从农户及村庄环境等多个层面、多个角度入手共同解决。

Abstract:

Analyzing the influencing factors and formation mechanism of farmers′ income differences from the two levels of farmers and villages, which has great significance to increase farmers′ income and promote the village′s all round development. Based on the principle and method of hierarchical linear model, the survey data of 1 441 households in the suburbs of Greater Xi′an area were taken as the base, and the influencing factors and formation mechanism of the income difference of farmers from the two levels of farmers and villages were empirically analyzed. The results were showed as follows. (1)The degree of interpretation of farmer households′ income differences between farmers and villages was 79.89% and 20.11%,respectively,indicating that the factors affecting farmers′ income differences had obvious hierarchical characteristics.(2)At the farmer level, the factors of farmer′s livelihood capital and production management structure had different directions and strengths for farmers′ income. Eight factors including non agricultural income (0.638), the proportion of workers (0.433), the number of labor (0.388) and the planting structure (0.333) had a positive effect on income. The household labor burden factor (-0.336) and the square of the land management scale (-0.000 1) had a negative effect. (3) At the village level, the type of industry, location conditions and land conversion of the village had a direct impact on the income of farmers. Many factors indirectly adjusted the income by affecting the income return rate of the household level variables. The problem of farmers′ income difference is complicated. For the problem of increasing farmers′ income, we should solve jointly from multiple levels and multiple angles, such as farmers and villages.