农户过量施肥风险认知及环境友好型技术采纳行为的影响因素分析*——基于四川省380个柑橘种植户的调查

ANALYSIS ON THE RISK COGNITON OF EXCESS FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND THE ADOPTION BEHAVIOR OF ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY AND ITS REASON* ——BASE ON THE SURVEY OF 380 CITRUS GROWER IN SICHUAN PROVINCE

关键词:  农户行为测土配方施肥风险认知双变量Probit 技术采纳

Key words:  farmer behavior  soil fertilization  risk perception  bivariate Probit  technology adoption

摘要:

［目的］化肥过量使用造成的污染，已成为制约我国农业和农村可持续发展的重要因素，如何科学合理施肥，提高化肥利用效率已成为我国急需解决的问题。［方法］文章利用四川省12个区县380户柑橘种植户的实地调研数据，运用双变量Probit模型分析柑橘种植户过量施肥风险认知与环境友好型技术采纳行为的影响因素。［结果］柑橘种植农户对过量施肥风险的认知和测土配方技术采纳行为之间存在相关性； 文化程度高、柑橘种植收入占家庭总收入的比例大、种植面积大、种植年限长、对“三品”农产品的认知水平高和接受过技术培训的柑橘农户，对过量施肥风险存在一定的认知； 在具备上述特征的基础上，外出务工劳动力占比低的农户和新型经营主体更愿意采纳测土配方施肥技术。［结论］通过校地合作、“三品”认证、市场规范、制定生产标准等措施，提高柑橘种植户过量施肥风险认知，促使测土配方施肥技术的采纳，合理施肥，提高化肥利用率，促进我国农业可持续发展。

Abstract:

The pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers has become an important factor that restricts the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas in China. Based on the survey data from 380 citrus growers in 12 districts and counties of Sichuan province, this research analyzed the determinants of growers′ awareness risk of excessive fertilization and their adoption behavior of environmentally friendly technology. The results showed that there was a correlation between the citrus farmers′ perception of the risk of excessive fertilization and the adoption behavior of soil testing formula technology. The citrus farmers with highly educated farmers, citrus planting accounts for a large proportion of the total household income, large planting area, long planting years, high cognitive of "three products" agricultural product and technical training had a certain awareness of the risk of excessive fertilization. On the basis of the above characteristics, peasant family with low proportion of migrant workers and new business entities were more willing to adopt soil testing and formula fertilization technology. Through the measures such as colleges local cooperation, "three products" agricultural product certification, market standardization and making production standards, etc., we can improve the risk awareness of excessive fertilization for citrus grower households and promote the adoption of soil testing formula fertilization technology and the utilization rate of fertilizer through reasonable fertilization, so as to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in China finally.