湖南省农业转移人口市民化的财政转移支付挂钩机制研究

THE FINANCIAL TRANSFER PAYMENT LINKAGE MECHANISM FOR THE CITIZENIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFER POPULATION IN HUNAN PROVINCE

关键词:  财政转移支付挂钩机制农业转移人口市民化“标准人”系数异质性湖南省

Key words:  fiscal transfer payment linkage mechanism  citizenization of agricultural transfer population  "standard person" coefficient  heterogeneity  Hunan province

摘要:

［目的］农业转移人口市民化的财政转移支付挂钩机制，不仅是地方政府新型城镇化建设的财政保障，也是地方政府积极推进市民化进程的重要手段。［方法］假设中央财政转移支付总体规模不变，理论分析机制的异质性效应，以湖南省的14个市、州为研究对象，设置不同权重下的常住人口“标准人系数”，测算各城市的拟分配财力及其波动幅度。［结果］现有财政转移支付政策不利于农业转移人口市民化，一方面是公共服务外溢而形成“发展的贫困”，另一方面是劳动财富外溢而形成“衰退的富裕”； “发展的贫困”门槛值为8%、“衰退的富裕”门槛值为-20%，长沙市是唯一的公共服务外溢地区，张家界市和湘西州则是劳动财富外溢地区； 财政转移支付挂钩机制在现实中较为稳定，且具有可操作性，各城市的预分配财力和拟分配财力相差不到1%。［结论］农业转移人口市民化的财政转移支付挂钩机制有利于推进市民化进程，公共服务外溢的城市应重视产业结构优化升级，劳动财富外溢的城市可承接劳动密集型产业转移； 对户籍为本地的劳动力提供更多就业机会，提升返乡农民工的社会融入程度； 建立健全社会保障机制，加快推进公共服务对象的均等化。

Abstract:

The financial transfer payment linkage mechanism for the citizenization of rural migrants is not only the financial guarantee for the new urbanization construction of local governments, but also an important means for local governments to actively promote the process of citizenization. Assuming that the overall size of the central fiscal transfer payment remains unchanged, this research adopted the theoretical analysis of the heterogeneous effect of the mechanism, took 13 cities and 1 district of Hunan province as the research object, and set the "standard person coefficient" of the permanent population under different weights, then calculated the financial resources to be allocated in each city and their fluctuation ranges. The current fiscal transfer payment policy was not conducive to the citizenization of the rural migrants. On the one hand, the overflow of public services created ′development poverty′, on the other hand, the overflow of labor wealth formed ′recessionary wealth′. The threshold value for ′development poverty′ was 8%, and the threshold value for "declining wealth" was -20%. Changsha was the only public service spillover area, while Zhangjiajie city and Xiangxi district were labor wealth spillover areas. The fiscal transfer payment linkage mechanism was more realistic in reality and it performed stable and operable at the same time. The difference between pre allocated financial resources and planned financial resources in each city was less than 1%. The financial transfer payment linkage mechanism for the citizenization of rural migrants is conducive to promoting the process of citizenization. Cities with spilled public services should pay attention to the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Government should provide more employment for the local labor force with household registration, improve the social integration of returning rural migrants; establish and improve social security mechanisms, and accelerate the equalization of public service targets.