日韩农田建设做法及对我国高标准农田建设启示

PRACTICE OF FARMLAND CONSTRUCTION IN JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA AND THEIR ENLIGHTENMENT TO CHINA′S HIGH STANDARD FARMLAND CONSTRUCTION

关键词:  农田建设高标准农田日本韩国启示

Key words:  farmland construction  high standard farmland construction  Japan  South Korea  enlightenment

摘要:

［目的］高标准农田建设是提升粮食产能、实施“藏粮于地”战略的重大举措，是促进乡村振兴、推动农业高质量发展的重要抓手。在此宏观背景下，探讨促进我国农田建设高标准高质量持续有效发展的政策建议。［方法］结合日本、韩国典型区域农田建设案例，梳理日韩两国农田建设的主要做法和经验，探讨推进我国高标准农田建设的措施。［结果］日本、韩国的农田基础设施建设取得了良好成效，农田建设做法、经验值得借鉴。日本农田建设主要措施包括完善的法律规章保障和标准体系； 政府重视农田建设，资金投入力度大，水利建设优先； 兼顾多发利益，监管并举。韩国农田建设任务具有明显的时代特征，中央政府投入力度逐步加大，农田建设与国土区划和规模经营紧密结合。［结论］农田建设管理是一项系统工程，涉及自然资源禀赋、产业结构、传统农耕文明、农户心理及村庄治理等多个方面。我国农田建设需要以制度建设为支撑，以规划为约束，建立系统的农田建设法律法规体系，强调规划的严肃性和执行力，确保建设活动不脱离规划要求； 以统一监管为前提，以标准体系建设为切入点，提升农田建设管理效能，根据农田建设任务、成本变化等因素，动态调整完善建设内容和投资标准，提高建设成效和资金使用管理效率； 以财政资金为引导，创新投入模式，大力推进发行地方债投入、高标准农田建设新增耕地指标跨区域调剂收入投入、利用外资投入等工作，切实加大农田建设投入力度； 以信息化为重点，以数字化和智慧化为突破，提高农田建设管理水平，努力实现农田建设产学研有机结合，促进我国农业基础设施建设科技成果产业化和跨越式发展。

Abstract:

The farmland construction is an essential measure to improve grain production capacity and implement the strategy of "to increase grain production through soil conservation". It is also a significant starting point to promote rural revitalization and promote high quality agricultural development. Under this macro background, relevant policy recommendations have been proposed to promote the sustainable and effective development of high standard and quality farmland construction in China. Based on the typical cases of farmland construction in Japan and South Korea, this paper summarized the main practices and experiences of farmland construction in Japan and South Korea, and discussed the measures to promote the construction of high standard farmland in China. The construction of farmland infrastructure in Japan and South Korea had obtained obvious effect, its practices and experience were worthy of reference. The main measures for the construction of farmland in Japan included comprehensive legal regulations and standard systems. The government attached great importance to farmland construction, with large capital investment and priority to water conservancy construction. It took into account various interests and combined supervision and management. The task of farmland construction in South Korea reflected the obvious characteristics of the times. The central government had gradually increased investment, and farmland construction was closely combined with land division and scale management. Farmland construction management is a systematic project involving many aspects, such as natural resource endowment, industrial structure, traditional farming civilization, farmers′ psychology and village governance. China′s farmland construction needs to be supported by institutional construction and constrained by planning, to establish a systematic farmland construction law and regulation system. Farmland construction emphasizes planning seriousness and execution to ensure that construction activities comply with planning requirements. It also needs to improve the efficiency of farmland construction management based on the premise of unified supervision and started with the standard system construction. According to farmland construction tasks, cost changes and other factors, farmland construction should dynamically adjust and improve the construction content and investment standards, to improve the effectiveness of construction and fund utilizing management efficiency. Taking the financial funds as the guidance, it needs to innovate the investment mode, vigorously promote the issuance of local debt investment, and adjust income investment in cross regional of newly added farmland indicators in high standard farmland construction. By using foreign investment and other measures to effectively increase the investment in farmland construction. Taking informatization as the key point, digitalization and intelligence as the breakthrough, it aims to improve the management level and realize the organic integration of production, education and research in farmland construction, and to promote the industrialization and leap forward development of scientific and technological achievements of agricultural infrastructure construction in China.