典型江南山地丘陵区河岸带土地利用时空变化特征及其政策响应

SPATIO TEMPORAL EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND USE IN RIPARIAN ZONE OF TYPICAL JIANGNAN HILLY AREAS AND ITS POLICY RESPONSE

关键词:  山地丘陵区河岸带土地利用景观格局耕地占补平衡

Key words:  hilly area  riparian zone  land use  landscape pattern  farmland requisition compensation balance

摘要:

［目的］以地处山地丘陵区的江西省万年县境内的五条主要河流河岸带为研究对象，通过研究丘陵山区河岸带土地利用时空变化特征，为当地政府开展国土空间规划、土地整治工程等提供科学参考，从而推动区域生态环境质量和社会经济福祉的协同提升。［方法］利用2000年、2009年和2018 年3 期 Landsat遥感影像，借助遥感、地理信息系统技术，基于土地利用变化、景观生态学理论，分析了2000—2018年研究区土地利用时空分异特征。［结果］研究区内新增耕地面积主要来源一直是滩涂和其他用地，新增建设用地面积来源为耕地，新增建设用地主要分布在200～300m分带。景观格局方面，万年县河岸带0～100m段人为扰动程度低，仍然发挥着河岸带生态廊道的作用； 100～300m土地利用多样化，是受人为扰动最剧烈的部分。［结论］研究认为，生态保护政策在河岸带土地利用变化上起到了一定作用。通过开垦常年性河流主干道河岸带范围内的滩涂来实现区域内的耕地占补平衡受到严格管控，山地丘陵区的特殊环境特征决定了在该类地区应探索其他的政策响应途径。

Abstract:

In order to provide reference for local government to carry out land planning and land remediation projects, and promote the coordinated improvement of regional ecological environment quality and social economic well being, this study takes riparian zones of the five main rivers in Wannian county of Jiangxi province as the research areas and analyzes the characteristics of land use change and landscape pattern evolution of riparian zone. Based on the theory of LUCC and landscape ecology, multi temporal Landsat images acquired in 2000, 2009, and 2018 were used for analyzing the spatial temporal dynamics characteristics of land use and landscape pattern in the study area from 2000 to 2018, with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system technology. As the results showed, the main source of the new farmland area was always the tidal flats and the other land, and the main source of the new construction land area was farmland. The 200~300m sub zone was the main distribution area of new construction land, and the 0~100m section of riparian still played the role of the ecological corridor; the land use of the 100~300m section was diversified, which was influenced severely by artificial disturbance. It is considered that the environmental protection policies of relevant departments can affect the spatial pattern of land use in the riparian zone, to some extent. Moreover, the advancement of ecological civilization construction makes the tidal flats that could be used as high quality cultivated land reserve resources strictly protected as wetlands. Therefore, the reclamation of tidal flats within the riparian zone to replenish arable land to ensure farmland requisition compensation balance in the region is limited. The special environmental characteristics of mountainous and hilly areas determine that the government of such an area should explore other approaches to meet the policy requirements.