土地经营权稳定性对农户过量施肥的影响研究*——基于黑龙江省地块层面数据的实证分析

RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF STABILITY OF FARMLAND PROPERTY RIGHT ON FARMERS′ EXCESSIVE FERTILIZATION*——AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON DATA OF PLOT LEVEL IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

关键词:  地权稳定性化肥过量施用土地流转土地质量Logit模型

Key words:  stability of land property rights  fertilizer  excessive application  land circulation  land quality  Logit model

摘要:

［目的］论证农地经营权稳定性对化肥过量施用的影响，从地权稳定性的视角为政府部门制定化肥减量使用的政策安排提供决策参考。［方法］基于2018年对黑龙江省1 307户农户7 044个地块的调查数据，对农地经营权稳定性对农户过量施肥的影响运用二元Logistic模型进行实证分析。［结果］（1）与自有土地相比，农户在转入地块上过量施肥的概率更高； 但如果农户预期未来还会继续耕种这块转入地，过量施肥的概率将下降。（2）与土地质量较好的地块相比，农户在土地质量较差的地块上过量施肥的概率将增加。（3）与坡地或者洼地相比，农户在平地上耕种时过量施肥的概率显著下降。［结论］（1）加强土地流转的规范管理，提高农户对转入地产权的安全感知。（2）农业支持保护补贴政策向土地的实际种植者倾斜，增强规模大户未来继续耕种该地块的信心。（3）政府要加强对土地质量改善项目的财政投入，促进土地质量的改进。

Abstract:

This paper demonstrates the influence of the stability of farmland management right on the excessive application of chemical fertilizer and provides reference for government departments to make policy arrangements for reducing the use of chemical fertilizer from the perspective of the stability of land ownership. Based on the survey data of 7,044 plots of 1,307 peasant households in Heilongjiang province in 2018, the influence of farmland management stability on farmers′ excessive fertilization was empirically analyzed by using binary Logistic model. The results showed that compared with own owned land, the probability of over fertilization on transferred plots was higher. But if farmers expected to continue farming the transferred land in the future, the chances of over fertilizing would fall. Compared with plots with good land quality, the probability of farmers overusing fertilizer on plots with poor land quality would increase. Compared with sloping land or lowland, the probability of farmers applying too much fertilizer on flat land decreased significantly. In summary, firstly, it is necessary to strengthen the standardized management of land transfer, so as to improve farmers′ security perception of transferred land property rights. Secondly, agricultural support and conservation subsidies favor actual growers of the land, so as to increase the confidence of large farmers to continue farming the land in the future. Finally, the government should strengthen the financial investment in the land quality improvement projects to promote the improvement of land quality.