中部地区农村教育水平及其不同层次对农民收入差距的影响

THE IMPACT OF RURAL EDUCATION LEVEL AND ITS DIFFERENT LEVELS ON FARMERS′ INCOME GAP IN CENTRAL CHINA

关键词:  中部地区农村初等教育水平农村中等教育水平农村高等教育水平农民收入差距

Key words:  central China  the rural primary education level  the rural secondary education level  the rural higher education level  farmers′ income gap

摘要:

［目的］通过研究中部地区农村教育水平及其不同层次对农民收入差距的影响，为中部地区制定科学合理的农村教育发展政策提供依据。［方法］利用Sys GMM法实证研究。［结果］发现中部地区农村教育水平提高拉大了农民收入差距，其中农村初等教育水平提高有助于农民收入差距缩小，农村中等教育水平和高等教育水平提高拉大了农民收入差距，但随着农村这两类教育进一步发展，农民中低收入和低收入群体的收入结构将会优化，这两类教育将有可能缩小农民收入差距。分地区类型，相对地级市和县级市地区，中部省会地区农村教育水平对农民收入差距的拉大作用较大，3类地区农村初等教育水平提高均有助于农民收入差距缩小，3类地区农村中等教育水平和高等教育水平提高均拉大了农民收入差距，其中省会地区农村高等教育水平对农民收入差距的拉大作用更大，地级市和县级市地区农村中等教育水平对农民收入差距的拉大作用更大。［结论］为了尽快缩小农民收入差距，中部地区尤其是地级市和县级市地区需大力发展农村教育，特别是发展农村中等教育和高等教育，虽然短期内会扩大当地农民收入差距，但长期农村中等教育和高等教育发展会提高中低收入和低收入群体的非农业收入和财产性收入等其他收入，优化当地农民收入结构，进而缩小农民收入差距。

Abstract:

Through investigating the impact of rural education level and its different levels on farmers′ income gap in the central China, this paper provides the basis for formulating scientific and rational rural education development policies in central China. This paper used Sys GMM method to empirically study the impact. The findings of this study revealed that rural education level widened the farmers′ income gap, and more specifically, rural primary education level helped to narrow the farmers′ income gap, while rural secondary education level and higher education level widened the farmers′ income gap in central China. Nonetheless, with the development of these two types of education in rural areas, the income structure of the rural middle low income and low income groups would be improved; thus the two types of education would probably end up with narrowing the farmers′ income gap ultimately. Regarding the impact of rural education on income gap by different types of municipalities, contrary to prefecture level cities and county level cities, the rural education level in provincial capital areas exerted a greater impact in widening the farmers′ income gap. The rural primary education level in all three types of municipalities contributed to narrowing the farmers′ income gap. The rural secondary education and higher education levels had widened the farmers′ income gap in all three types of municipalities, among which the rural higher education level played a greater role in widening the farmers′ income gap in provincial capital areas, and the rural secondary education level played a greater role in widening the farmers′ income gap in prefecture level and county level cities. The policy implication from this study is that to effectively and expeditiously narrow the farmers′ income gap, municipalities in central China, especially prefecture level and county level cities, need to vigorously develop rural education, especially rural secondary education and higher education. Although the farmers′ income gap might be widened temporarily in the short term, the development of rural secondary education and higher education will increase non agricultural income and property income of the local middle low income and low income groups in the long term. Ultimately this policy would optimize the income structure of local rural residents and narrow the farmers′ income gap.