我国畜禽粪尿排放污染防治研究综述

A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF LIVESTOCK MANURE DISCHARGE IN CHINA

关键词:  畜禽养殖环境污染治理对策综述展望

Key words:  livestock and poultry breeding  environmental pollution  countermeasures  reviews  expectation

摘要:

［目的］我国畜禽养殖业发展迅速，总体规模已成为世界第一，但此过程也带来了大量的粪尿排放，对环境造成了严重威胁。文章旨在对我国畜禽粪尿排放污染研究进行全面的回顾，发现现存不足，提出进一步研究的方向。［方法］按照“排放特征—承载情况—治理对策”这一逻辑，运用文献综述法对相关研究进行综述。［结果］现有文献对我国畜禽粪尿排放污染防治进行了系统研究，涵盖了排放总量、增速和区位分布等特征，地区理论承载力、实际承载情况，污染防治的国外政策介绍、国内政策效果评价，以及环保技术介绍及经济效益测算等方面。［结论］现有文献为进一步研究提供了较为全面的参考资料，但内容上仍存在：忽视对林地、草地畜禽粪尿理论消纳能力及实际消纳条件的分析； 缺乏对国外防治政策效果及其国内适用性的分析； 缺乏针对提高相关污染防治技术利用率的具体研究； 缺乏运用国际贸易手段解决污染问题的思考等不足。

Abstract:

China′s livestock and poultry breeding industry has developed rapidly, and its overall scale has become the world′s largest, but this process has also brought about a large amount of manure discharge, which has caused a serious threat to the environment. The purpose of this article is to conduct a comprehensive review of China′s livestock and poultry manure discharge pollution research, find existing shortcomings, and propose further research directions. In accordance with the logic of "emission characteristics carrying situation governance countermeasures", the literature review method was used to review relevant research. The result showed that existing literature had carried out a systematic study on the prevention and control of China′s livestock and poultry manure discharge pollution. It covered the characteristics of total emissions, growth rate and location distribution, regional theoretical carrying capacity, actual carrying capacity, introduction of foreign policies for pollution prevention, evaluation of domestic policies, as well as introduction of environmental protection technologies and economic benefit calculations. The existing literature provides a comprehensive reference for further research, but there are still some deficiencies in content. It ignores the analysis of the theoretical absorption capacity and actual absorption conditions of manure absorption capacity of woodland and grassland, and it lacks analysis of the effects of foreign control policies and their domestic applicability. Meanwhile, it lacks specific research on improving the utilization rate of pollution prevention technology and it lacks thinking about using international trade methods to solve pollution problems.