基于乡村振兴战略下都市农业土地利用问题及对策研究

THE PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF LANDUSE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE BASED ON RURAL REVITALIZATION STRATEGY

关键词:  都市农业土地利用乡村振兴规模经营土地资源可持续发展

Key words:  urban agriculture  land use  rural revitalization  land scale operations  land resources  sustainable development

摘要:

［目的］都市农业是一种现代化的农业生产模式，汇集了多种农业生产要素，资源利用效率较高。发展都市农业在增加农民收入、解决城市的农村地区发展不充分、促进城市及周边农村地区平衡发展等方面发挥着示范引领作用。如何遵循产业化、设施化和农村资源资本化的思路，将都市农业的发展与土地利用、城市发展规划有机结合，形成科学的都市农业发展格局值得深入的探讨。［方法］文章基于乡村振兴的战略，以对武汉市的实地调研为基础，分析其都市农业发展过程中土地合理利用的主要做法，深度剖析所存在的问题及产生的原因。［结果］武汉市在推进土地确权工作、稳定土地流转、土地适度规模经营和都市农业观光连片发展等方面成果显著，但仍存在土地利用制度僵化、农业规模经营成本高、风险大、土地利用规划设计不合理、农业设施配套用地指标不足、土地质量衰退及生态环境污染等制约都市农业发展的问题。［结论］针对这些问题，该文提出规范农业土地利用方式、改善农业生产环境、加强农业面源污染防治、依法推进现代农业设施配套用地制度改革等对策建议。

Abstract:

Urban agriculture is a modern kind of agricultural production with many agricultural production factors combined and high effective utilization of resource. The development of urban agriculture plays a leading and exemplary role in increasing farmers′ income, addressing the inadequacy of suburban development and enhancing the balance of development between urban and surrounding rural areas. Urban agriculture is an advanced version of suburban agriculture. It is worthy of in depth discussion how to create a scientifically sound landscape for the development of urban agriculture, combining the development of urban agriculture with land use and city development plan, under the guideline of industrialization, improving facilities and capitalization of rural resources. The strategy of rural revitalization and field investigation in Wuhan city are the basis of this paper. This paper analyzed the main methods adopted for reasonable land use during the development of urban agriculture and took a close look at existing problems and their causes. The results showed that Wuhan had made remarkable achievements in pressing ahead with land ownership confirmation and stabilizing land circulation, moderate scale operation of farmland and the contiguous development of urban and agricultural tourism. But there were still some problems, such as rigid land use system, high cost and high risks of scale agricultural operation, unreasonable land use planning and design, insufficient quota for agricultural facility land, land quality decline, pollution of ecological environment and so on, which impeded the development of urban agriculture. In the context of these problems, this paper puts forward suggestions including standardizing the use of agricultural land, improving the agricultural production environment, strengthening the prevention and control of agricultural non point source pollution, continuing the reform of modern agricultural facility land in accordance with the law and developing new green urban agricultural form.